Transcript PowerPoint - Karyn VanderPloeg

Effects of Outdoor Recreation vs.
Indoor Recreation on overall
Psychological Well-Being
Jonathan Ferrington
Northern Michigan University
School of Health and Human Performance
[email protected]
Karyn VanderPloeg
Northern Michigan University
School of Health and Human Performance
[email protected]
Jenni Feighner
Northern Michigan University
School of Health and Human Performance
[email protected]
Dave Pitawanakwat
Northern Michigan University
School of Health and Human Performance
[email protected]
Presented on December 10, 2015
Theoretical Foundation
- Recreation as a whole is vital to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
- A healthy mind can be achieved through regular outdoor
recreational activities.
- Nature related recreation has been proven to improve a person's
psychological well-being. A study in 2003 by the American Public
Health Association revealed reductions of ADHD symptoms in
participants when given a variety of activities to complete
indoors and outdoors. (Kuo, Taylor, 2004).
- The American Psychological Association (APA) states that the
outdoors is a proven stress reliever for children, helps enhance
creativity, and allows better concentration ( Novotney, 2008).
Statement of the Problem
- The focus of this study was to determine
which method of recreation affected
psychological well-being.
Purpose of this Study
- The purpose of this study is to distinguish the
effects of outdoor recreation and indoor
recreation on a person’s psychological wellbeing.
Research Question
- Are there any effects of Outdoor Recreation
vs. Indoor Recreation on overall Psychological
Well-Being?
Methods
Design:
- A survey was designed that contained twelve
questions to gain knowledge of what affects a
person's recreation experience.
- The non randomized survey consisted of questions
asking about participants self-confidence, indoor to
outdoor preference, and questions about their mood.
- It was designed to be administered online via laptop
and tablet device in indoor and outdoor recreation
areas. It was available through social media, via email
and Facebook.
Methods
Participants:
- 238 people participated in this survey, this number was
made of 144 females and 94 males. All over the age of
eighteen.
- Categories: 18-23 years old, 24-29 years old, 30-35 years
old, 35+ years old.
- Participants were acquired through social media, and
randomly selected from indoor and outdoor recreation
facilities. The outdoor participants were chosen from
Presque Isle Park, Mattson Lower Harbor Park, McCarty's
Cove, and Picnic Rocks Park. The indoor participants were
selected from the superior dome, library, and physical
education and instructional facility.
Methods
Instruments:
- Google Forms was used to create and distribute a 12 question
survey.
- The easy to read format includes questions pertaining to the
participants’ psychological well being and its correlation with
recreation.
- Five of the 12 questions feature a 1-9 scale.
- Seven questions are multiple choice with one being a “select
all that apply” option.
- Each question was tailored to collect information that would
aid in understanding the psychological side of recreation.
- The survey was peer reviewed by students of RE 467
Evaluation and Research in Leisure Services as well as the
credible Dr. Jordan at Northern Michigan University.
Methods
Interpretation of Data:
- The results of the survey indicates that outdoor recreation is the
preferred method for stress reduction among participants. The
study also indicated that participants were more confident
recreating in an outdoor setting rather than an indoor setting and
that outdoor recreation made participants happier overall.
- Although male and female responses were similar, the study
indicates that males are slightly more inclined to be happier and
more confident recreating in both an indoor and outdoor setting.
- By percentage, female participants scored 70% for current mood,
67% confidence when recreating indoors and 83% confidence when
recreating outdoors.
- By percentage, male participants scored an average of 74% for
current mood, 70% confidence when recreating indoors and 83%
confidence when recreating outdoors.
Results
Results
1-9 SCALE Mean
Overall
Standard
Deviation
Mean
Percentage
Participant
Mood
6.44
1.70
72%
Indoor
Recreation
Confidence
Levels
5.98
2.36
66%
Outdoor
Recreation
Confidence
Levels
7.08
2.14
79%
Recreating
Indoors
6.17
1.87
68%
Recreating
Outdoors
7.55
1.80
84%
Results
1-9 SCALE Mean
Female
Standard
Deviation
Mean
Percentage
1-9 SCALE Mean Standard
Male
Deviation
Mean
Percentage
Participant
Mood
6.29
1.60
70%
Participant
Mood
6.67
1.77
74%
Indoor
Recreation
Confidence
Levels
6.05
1.77
67%
Indoor
Recreation
Confidence
Levels
6.31
1.97
70%
Outdoor
Recreation
Confidence
Levels
7.47
1.79
83%
Outdoor
Recreation
Confidence
Levels
7.68
1.76
85%
Recreating
Indoors
5.68
2.34
63%
Recreating
Indoors
6.41
2.28
71%
Recreating
Outdoors
6.66
2.24
74%
Recreating
Outdoors
7.72
1.73
86%
Discussion
- The majority of participants were female (60.5%) with the rest
male (39.5%).
- 71% of participants were in the 18-23 year old age range
followed by 15% in the 35+ age range and about 14% of
participants scored in the two remaining age groups, 24-29
and 30-35 years old.
- In both males and females, confidence and happiness levels
for outdoor recreation scored a higher mean and lower
standard deviation. These results indicate that participants
are happier and more confident when recreating outdoors
compared to recreating indoors.
- Males, on average, scored higher in all three categories;
current mood, confidence levels and levels of happiness when
recreating indoors and outdoors.
Discussion
- Considering weather can directly correlate to whether one
chooses to recreate indoors or outdoors, it is an important
factor to determining what effects the decision process.
- Almost 80% (189) of participants have felt anxious or
depressed in the past year. This does not necessarily mean
that participants were clinically diagnosed, but have felt those
emotions in the past year. Only 49 participants (20.6%) have
not experienced anxiety or depression within the past year.
- Regular physical activity is defined by the Center for Disease
Control (CDC) as two and a half hours a week of moderate
intensity. Survey’s showed that 163 surveyed participants
(68.5%), are physically active on a regular basis while 75
(31.5%) are not.
- More people choose outdoor recreation to reduce stress and
feel happier recreating outdoors rather than indoors.
Implication of Finding
- Recreation as a whole is vital to maintain a
healthy lifestyle.
- It is important to recognize the different
impacts of recreation on a persons
psychological well being.
- Depending on the confidence level a person
feels indicates where they will be recreating
and how frequently.
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References
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References
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References
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