Transcript Canada`s Air Quality & Contributing Factors

Avery J and Rachel K
What factors do you think affect our air quality?
* population
* temperature
* emissions
* we choose this topic because of mutual
interest and the growing global concern for the
environment
* we predict that as population, temperature,
and emissions increase, the particle matter in
our air will rise
* Do the amount of people living in a
concentrated area have a greater affect on the
air compared to if they were spread out?
* Does our air quality depend on more natural or
unnatural sources?
* Does temperature/climate affect the air
quality?
* Has air quality worsened with the rise of
industrialism and greenhouse gases?
Historical TPM Emissions for Canada
20000000
y = 251344x - 5E+08
R² = 0.8982
18000000
16000000
Emissions (tonnes)
14000000
12000000
Historical TPM Emissions for
Canada
10000000
Linear (Historical TPM Emissions
for Canada)
8000000
6000000
4000000
2000000
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Year
2005
2010
2015
* The interpolation we made was that in 2000 there would be 708
megatons on emissions but after using linear regression, the amount
totaled 705 megatons.
* The extrapolation we wanted to know was the total TPM in 2015. We
estimated for 2015, about 19.8 million tons of TPM will be emitted.
* what’s really in our air?
Types of Emission Sources 2003
Idustrial Sources
Non-industrial Sources
Mobile Sources
Incineration Sources
Miscellaneous Sources
Open Sources
Natural Sources
Population of Canada, 1946 - present
y = 332393x - 6E+08
R² = 0.9971
40000000
35000000
30000000
25000000
Population 20000000
Population
Linear (Population)
15000000
10000000
5000000
0
1940
1950
* quantitative
* discrete
* strong correlation
* r2 value of 0.99712
1960
1970
1980
Year
1990
2000
2010
2020
Annual Average Temperature (Celcius)
y = 0.0879x - 0.3462
R² = 0.2563
2
Temerature (celcius)
1.5
1
Mean temperature (Celcius)
0.5
Linear (Mean temperature
(Celcius))
0
0
5
10
-0.5
-1
* quantitative
* continuous
* weak correlation
* r2 value of 0.25632
Year
15
20
Greenhouse gas emissions, Canada, 1990-2005 (megatonnes
carbon dioxide equivalent)
800
y = 12.064x - 23423
R² = 0.9784
Greenhouse Gases (megatonnes)
700
600
500
400
Greenhouse Gases (megatonnes)
Linear (Greenhouse Gases (megatonnes))
300
200
100
0
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
Year
* quantitative
* continuous
* strong correlation
* r2 value of 0.97839
2000
2002
2004
2006
Emissions vs. Air Quality
20000000
y = 16577x + 4E+06
R² = 0.7082
Air Quality (PTM in tonnes)
18000000
16000000
14000000
12000000
10000000
Emissions vs. Air Quality
8000000
Linear (Emissions vs. Air Quality)
6000000
4000000
2000000
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Emissions (mega tonnes)
600
700
800
* strong positive correlation
* air quality decreases as more emissions are released resulting
in more particles in the air
* emissions cause the air quality to decrease so a strong positive
correlation was expected
* cause and effect relationship
Temperature vs. Air Quality
20000000
y = -744534x + 2E+07
R² = 0.0216
18000000
Air Quality (PTM in tonnes)
16000000
14000000
12000000
10000000
Series1
8000000
Linear (Series1)
6000000
4000000
2000000
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Temperature
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
* weak negative correlation
* as the temperature increases our air quality decreases
* not enough sufficient data to identify a strong trend
* cause and effect relationship
Population vs. Air Quality
20000000
y = 0.7762x - 8E+06
R² = 0.893
18000000
Air Quality (PTM in tonnes)
16000000
14000000
12000000
10000000
Linear ()
8000000
6000000
4000000
2000000
0
0
5000000 10000000 15000000 20000000 25000000 30000000 35000000 40000000
Population
* strong positive correlation
* population increases particle matter increases due to increase
in human area
* strongest correlation, we determined that population affects
air quality the most so expect to see poor air quality in
countries with a large, densely packed population
* common-cause factor
* Air Quality (mean) ≈ 15,603,127 tons of TPM
* Air Quality (median) = 14,911,795 tons of
* Air Quality (mean) ≈ 1,885,280 tons of TPM
* Air Quality (median) ≈ 1,895,299 tons of TPM
* Air Quality (standard deviation)
* Air Quality (standard deviation)
TPM
2,065,704
tons of TPM
* Air Quality (variance)
tons of TM
4,267,131,872,960
tons of TPM
* Air Quality (IQR)
273,910
* Air Quality (variance)
75,026,688,100 tons
of TPM
3,959,673 tons of TPM
* Air Quality (IQR)
277,770 tons of TPM
* Our main topic question asked what factors affected air quality, and
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
after analyzing the data given, we came to the conclusion that
population and greenhouse gas emissions were factors that strongly
impacted air quality.
We found that a dense population will have worse air quality than a
country with a small, spread out population.
Air quality is affected most by human interference. Unfortunately,
the data we found for temperature were not reliable statistics,
therefore it was hard to find any correlation.
Greenhouse gases have a very strong affect on air quality, and both
have increased at a steady pace over the years due to industrialism.
We predicted that population, temperature and greenhouse gas
emissions would affect air quality, and only temperature didn’t.
Looking back, all factors (with the exception of temperature)
increased due to a common-cause factor of expansion of Canadian
urban areas.
One bias that came up during our study was when comparing our
data for Canadian air quality to that of the United States
If we want to improve air quality, then we must limit the amount of
greenhouse gases we are emitting into the atmosphere. As well, we
have deepened our understanding of statistics concepts and shown
how they can be applied in the real world.