Transcript workshop in Zainab_Part_4

Developing Student
Researchers
Part 4
Dr. Gene and Ms. Tarfa AlNaimi
Research Skills Development
Unit
Education Institute
Research Skills Development Unit
1. Getting Ideas and Motivating Students
2. Defining and
4. Reporting and
Sharing Ideas
Enquiry
Cycle
3. Collecting and Analyzing
Shaping Ideas
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The goal of this session:
To know the resource of qualitative data and quantitative data
To know how to analyze quantitative and qualitative data
To know how to report research
To know different type of reports
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Qualitative Data
Information in the form of words rather
than numbers.
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Sources of Qualitative Data
Information are collected from
• Video.
• Audio recording
• Field observation
• Reports.
• interviews
• survey comments
• historical records
• photos, paintings, songs
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Types of Qualitative Data
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Structured text, (writings, stories, survey comments, news
articles, books etc)
Unstructured text (transcription, interviews, focus groups,
conversation)
Audio recordings, as above, music
Visual displays, as above (graphics, art, pictures, video)
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Quantitative data analysis
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•
So now you have collected your raw data,. How do you
go from piles of raw data to summaries that can help
you analyze your data and support your conclusions?
•
Tally Chart: a table that uses tally marks to record
data, it shows you how many time each value
occurred
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Favorite School Lunches
Hamburger
Pizza
Salad
Hotdog
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Two types of descriptive statistics that
are generally most useful:
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summaries that calculate the "middle" or "average" of your
data; these are called measures of central tendency, and
summaries that indicate the "spread" of the raw measurements
around the average, called measures of dispersion.
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Measures of Central Tendency
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Mean:
The mean is the arithmetic average.
•
Median:
The median is the middle value.
•
Mode:
The mode is the value that occurs most often.
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Example:
•
Number of people living in each of nine three
bed-room houses:
3
5
1 3
7 5
5
5
Mean= 3+5+1+3+7+5+5+5+2 = 36/9=4
Median comes halfway between 1and 7.
Values in ascending order: 1 2 3 3 5 5
So the median = 5
The mode is the value that occurs most often.
So the mode = 5
2
5
5 7
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Symmetric Data and Skewed Data
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Mean, Median, or Mode:
Which Measure Should I Use?
What are you trying to describe?
What does your data look like?
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Mode:
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This measure of central tendency is the only one appropriate for
nominal data.
Example:
What is your favorite football team?
Alsaad - Alrayaan - Aletihad
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Mode:
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Median:
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Mean:
•
Used when data is Symmetric.
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Mean:
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Measures of Dispersion: Variance
and Standard Deviation
•
Another important type of quantitative analysis is to look at
how measurements "spread out." For example, if a
research group took a test, did everyone get scores that
are bunched up near the middle or average of the group,
or did some people get really high or really low scores,
making the distribution more spread out? We call this
"spreading out" of scores variability.
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Variance and Standard Deviation
•
There are two common measures of variability – variance
and standard deviation. There are formulas for
calculating these statistics. Computer programs can be
used to do the calculations quickly and easily..
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Normal Curve
A normal distribution is a very important
statistical data distribution pattern
occurring in many natural phenomena, such
as height, blood pressure, lengths of objects
produced by machines, etc. Certain data,
when graphed as a histogram (data on the
horizontal axis, amount of data on the
vertical axis), creates a bell-shaped curve
known as a normal curve, or normal
distribution.
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Standard Deviation
The rule states
Approximately 68% of the values will lie within one standard deviation of the mean
Approximately 95% of the values will lie within two standard deviations of the mean
Approximately 99.7% of the values will lie within three standard deviations of the mean
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Example:
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Two groups (A and B) of students took the same test.
The test was out of 20
The average for group A was 12 and the standard
deviation 1
The average for group B was also 12 but the standard
deviation was 2
Are they the same ?!
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95.5% of Students in Group A are
between 10 and 14
While
95.5% of Students in Group B are
between
8 and 16
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Let’s Practice
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Reporting Research
• What should the report include?
• How should the information be reported?
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Contents of a Research Report
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Title (the title of the research).
Introduction (background information).
Review of literature (what others have done).
Aims and purposes (what I intend to do).
Methods and materials (how I will do it).
Results (findings; what I found out).
Discussion and conclusions (what does it all mean)
References (list of sources I consulted).
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Contents of a Research Report
•
Adjust the contents to suite the age/grade level
For young children, simply the contents
• Title
• Purpose
• Method
• Findings
• Discussion
For older children, require complete contents
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Research Report Writing Frame
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See Lesson 12, Reporting Research, for a Research
Report Writing Frame
Use as a guide to students
Gives them a structure to follow
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Methods of Reporting Research
Traditional, formal written report
Advantages:
• Prepares students for university
• Teaches scholarship and discipline
• Teaches reading and writing skills
Disadvantages:
• Students may lack language skills
• May appear dull and boring to students
• ??
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Methods of Reporting Research
Multimedia Report (includes text, photos, music,
audio, video)
Advantages:
• More interesting and engaging for some students
• Less dependent on language (good for ESL students)
• Increases the ways to “tell the story”
Disadvantages:
• Students must learn how to use the multimedia tools
• May not be as thorough as a written report
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Alternative Ways of Reporting
Research
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Oral presentation with PPT
Create a Website
Write an article for a local newspaper
Write and present a play
Stage an exhibition
Design a portfolio
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Digital Tools for Sharing and
Communicating
• Writing research reports online
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Photo presentations
Video presentations
Audio presentations
Bogs and Websites
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Writing a research report online
Google Docs
Arabic and English!
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Photo presentations
MS Photo Story 3 for Windows
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Photo presentations
Slideshare
www.slideshare.net
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Video presentations
ChewTV
www.chewtv.com
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Video presentations
Windows Movie Maker 2.1
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Video presentations
Animoto
http://education.animoto.com
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Audio editing and presenting
Audacity
http://audacity.sourceforge.net
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Audio Podcasts
www.ipodined.org
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Blogs and Websites
Tumblr
www.tumblr.com
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Blogs and Websites
Blogger
www.blogger.com
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Blogs and Websites
Piczo
www.piczo.com
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Thank you for listening!
If you have questions about research
or need additional information,
feel free to contact us.
Dr. Gene
[email protected]
Office Phone: 456-0153
Mobile: 681-3987
Tarfa
[email protected]
Office Pone: 456-0l69