Transcript Cell-ebration Tutorial cell-ebration_tutorial

The Interactive Cell Tutorial
Created by Samantha Ketover
Kentridge High School
October 2004
You have explored cell structures:
•
You have looked at 2 varieties of cells
– Review questions to think about…
1. What are the two types?
2. What were the differences in organelles in
each type?
3. What are the three parts of the Cell Theory?
One or Many Cells
• All organisms are made of one or many
cells.
• Organisms like the paramecium and
amoeba are single celled. So are bacteria!
• Organisms like humans, baboons, and
plants are multi-celled.
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
• Cells can also be either prokaryote or
eukaryote.
• Prokaryotes are very simple organisms
and have only one cell.
• Eukaryotes are typically multi-celled and
are more complex.
Plant vs. Animal
• Finally, cells can be either plant or animal
in nature.
• Plant cell
• Animal cell
Cells and Organelles
• Cells are the basic units of form and
function in living things.
• Cells have forms (structures) inside them
that do different jobs. These structures are
called organelles.
• Plant and animal cells have many
organelles in common.
Organelles in Common
• Plant and animal cells
both have:
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Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Ribosome
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi body
Cytoskeleton
Nucleolus
Mitochondrion
Lysosome
Vacuole
Centrosomes
Each of these
structures
does a specific
job for the cell!
Organelles that are not in common:
• Animal cells, but not plant cells have:
– Centrosomes with Centrioles
• Plant cells, but not animal cells have:
– Chloroplasts
– Cell walls
Animal Cell Exploration
With Centrioles
Cytoskeleton
http://www.allaboutsharks.com/subjects/animals/cell/
Plant Cell Exploration
Lysosome
Cytoskeleton
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/plants/cell/anatomy.GIF
One Celled Organisms
Paramecium
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
http://ebiomedia.com/gall/classics/Paramecium/paramecium1.html
BACK
Many Celled Organisms
Sea anemone
Lions and various plants
http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Wildlife_GIFS/Anemo1_15513.gif
http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Wildlife_GIFS/Safari_13280.gif
BACK
Prokaryotes
• Only have one cell
• Only have cell membranes, cytoplasm,
ribosomes and DNA. More on DNA later!
BACK
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
Eukaryotes
• Complex cells
• Organism could be unicellular or multicellular
• Eukaryotic cells have many cell parts!
Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryote_examples.html
BACK
Plant Cell
BACK
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
Animal Cell
BACK
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
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Cell Membrane
Forms the outer boundary of animal cells.
Found inside the cell wall in plant cells.
Determines what can enter and leave a cell.
Made of protein and fat.
Animal Cell
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCELL2.html#The%20Cell%20Membrane
Plant Cell
Cytoplasm
• The watery environment of the cell.
Animal Cell
www.ndsu.nodak.edu/.../ 135/images/CELLCYTO.GIF
Plant Cell
Nucleus
• The command
center of the cell.
• Contains DNA
(deoxyribonucleic
acid) the
command
molecule of the
cell.
• Surrounded by a
membrane.
Animal Cell
http://ntri.tamuk.edu/cell/nucleus.html
Plant Cell
Ribosomes
• Ribosomes are found
attached to the rough
endoplasmic reticulum
(RER)
• Ribosomes are also
found floating in the
cytoplasm.
• Their job is to make
proteins that are
molecules that help to
build and repair cells.
Animal Cell
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animals/images/ribosome.jpg
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCELL2.html#Endoplasmic%20reticulum
Plant Cell
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
(RER)
• The RER is
responsible for
modifying proteins
that have been made
by the cell.
• It is rough because
the RER membrane
is studded with
ribosomes.
RER portion
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCELL2.html#Endoplasmic%20reticulum
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
(SER)
• The SER has
membranes that
are not covered in
ribosomes.
• The SER
synthesizes or
makes lipids for
the cell.
SER portion
Animal Cell
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCELL2.html#Endoplasmic%20reticulum
Plant Cell
Golgi Body, Apparatus, or Complex
• The Golgi Body is responsible for doing the
final modifications of proteins in the cell which
are to be secreted. They molecularly tag the
proteins for secretion.
• The Golgi Bodies also produce lysosomes for
the cell.
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Cytoskeleton
• Forms the cell’s
skeleton.
• Made of
microfilaments and
microtubules which
are protein-based
structures.
• Provides for the
cell’s internal
structure and also
for cellular
movement.
Animal Cell
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCELL2.html#Cell%20Movement
Plant Cell
Nucleolus
• The nucleolus is found inside a cell’s
nucleus.
• The nucleolus makes ribosomes for the
cell.
NUCLEOLUS
NUCLEUS
Animal Cell
http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/s2s/latest/cell1/src/tutorial/nucleolus.html
Plant Cell
Mitochondrion
• Found in both plant and animal cells.
• Performs the process of cellular respiration in
which glucose sugar is broken down to provide
energy for the cell.
Animal Cell
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCELL2.html#Mitochondria
Plant Cell
Lysosome
• Lysosomes are digestive structures in the
cell.
• They contain enzymes which are
molecules that can break other molecules
down.
Animal Cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/~C004535/lysosomes.html
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animals/images/lysosome.jpg
Plant Cell
Vacuole
• Vacuoles serve different functions in plant and
animal cells.
• In plant cells they store water.
• In animal cells they may contain food, water or
waste.
Water
vacuole in a
plant cell
Animal Cell
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/paramecvacs.gif
http://library.thinkquest.org/~C004535/vacuole.html
Plant Cell
Chloroplast
Elodea cells with chloroplasts
• Only found in
plant cells
• Perform
photosynthesis a
process where
glucose sugar
and oxygen are
made from
carbon dioxide
and water.
http://ntri.tamuk.edu/cell/nucleus.html
http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Plant_Cell/Elodea/Cyto_strand_nucleus_MC.html
Plant Cell
Cell Wall
• Only found in
plant cells.
• Made of a
carbohydrate
called
cellulose
• Provides
structure and
support for
plant cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/~C004535/cell_wall.html
http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Plant_Cell/Elodea/Cyto_strand_nucleus_MC.html
Plant Cell
Centrosome with Centrioles
• Only found in animal cells.
• Help to organize the movement of DNA packages
in structures called chromosomes during cell
division.
http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/centriol.htm
http://www.molecularexpressions.com/cells/animals/centrioles.html
Animal Cell
Centrosome without Centrioles
• Found only in
plant cells.
• Help to
organize the
movement of
DNA during
plant cell
division.
http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/plntcell.htm
http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/centriol.htm
Plant Cell
Cell Theory
• All living things are made of cells.
• Cells are the basic units of form and
function in living things.
• All cells come from pre-existing cells.
BACK
Nuclear Membrane
• A double membrane that encloses genetic
material in Eukaryotic cells
• Separates contents of nucleus from
cytosol
• Many nuclear pores are present so that
protein and genetic material may pass
The End!
Learn more at Cells Alive
Try out an online quiz!
Quia Cell Games
The next question to explore…
What are cells and their organelles made of?