Transcript Section 3 Summary – page 179-187 Energy Transformers Cells

Today’s Objective:
• To investigate and explain cellular processes, such as
homeostasis, converting energy, the production of new
materials, and transporting materials.
Can be found in the book:
Chapter 7.3
REMEMBER, cells have tiny organs inside them
called organelles.
Each organelle, just like the organs in your body,
have a specific job they carry out for the cell’s
survival.
Also, REMEMBER some organelles have a
membrane around them.
What are they called?
nucleus
mitochondria
While other organelles do not have a protective layer.
ribosome
Genetic Material
The master set of directions for making proteins
(making you) is contained in DNA.
Prokaryotic cells only have one long strand of DNA
Eukaryotic cells have different amounts of DNA
(depending on what type of organism it is).
Cell Control Center
In prokaryotic cells, the DNA is found floating in
the middle of the cell….
In eukaryotic cells, DNA is found inside the nucleus.
Cell Control Center
Just as every team needs a leader, the cell needs a leader
to give directions.
Nucleus
The nucleus is the leader of the eukaryotic cell because it
contains directions to make proteins.
Every part of the cell depends on proteins, so by containing
the blueprints to make proteins, the nucleus controls the
actions of all the organelles.
Homeostasis
Inside
the cell
Outside
the cell
Plasma
membrane
Plasma
membrane
• The plasma membrane (also called cell membrane)
is a “skin” that covers the cell.
• All cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic)
have a plasma membrane.
Homeostasis
Outside
the cell
Plasma
Membrane
Inside
the cell
• The plasma membrane maintains homeostasis (an
internal balance) by controlling what goes in and out of
the cell.
Energy Transformers
Cells have to transform energy in order to use it.
There are two different organelles that do this as their job.
CHLOROPLAST
MITOCHONDRIA
● Has a membrane
● Has a membrane
● Only found in eukaryotic
PLANT cells
● Found in ALL eukaryotic cells
Chloroplasts: organelles that use light energy and
transform it into food energy in eukaryotic PLANT
cells.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
CHLOROPLAST
Chloroplasts contain green pigment called chlorophyll
Chlorophyll traps energy from sunlight and gives
leaves and stems their green color.
Chloroplast
Chlorophyll
Energy Transformers
Mitochondria: membrane-bound organelles in ALL
eukaryotic cells that transform food energy into
chemical energy
(that we use to perform all functions: walking, talking,
thinking).
Cellular respiration is the process by which
mitochondria use food energy, and oxygen to create
CO2 , water, and ATP (chemical energy)
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP
Glucose
Oxygen Gas
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Energy
It is the reverse process of photosynthesis