Transcript cells - TeacherWeb

Objective:
I will review Cell Structure
and function for NJ ASK
review by participating in a
power point presentation,
filling in a note-taking
guide and answering NJ
ASK questions.
Cell Structure & Function
 All
living organisms on Earth are made up
of microscopic structures called cells.
 There are many types of cells, including
plant cells and animal cells.
 Cells consist of smaller pieces,
called organelles. Organelles are like the
"organs" of a cell; they are groups of
complex molecules that help cells survive.
 Different cells can have different
organelles.
cytoplasm

is the suspension fluid that contains all of
the organelles of the cell located between
the nucleus and the cell membrane, as
well as the support structures that help
give the cell its shape.
 It is also the site of most of the chemical
reactions that take place in the
cell. Cytoplasm is made up mostly of
water.
Vacuole
 stores
water and ingested food in a fluid
sack and helps remove waste from the
cell.
 the vacuoles found in animal cells are very
small
 plant cells have one large, central
vacuole.
 The central vacuole in plants produces
pressure against the cell wall (this is
known as turgor pressure) for cellular
support.
The cell membrane (or plasma
membrane)
 acts
as a boundary layer around the
cytoplasm that separates a cell from its
outside environment.
 able to recognize chemical signals
 is selectively permeable to chemicals
 and controls which molecules enter and
leave the cell.
 Nutrients first enter the cell through the
cell membrane
Nucleus
 The
nucleus is the control center of the
cell. It contains chromosomal information
composed of long, thin strands of DNA
that control cell metabolism and heredity.
ribosomes
The are RNA and protein complexes that are
found in all cells.
These complexes help cells during protein
translation by joining amino acids together to
form polypeptides.
mitochondria
The take in nutrients, break them down and
create energy (or ATP) for the cell.
endoplasmic reticulum
transports proteins within the cell.
It also makes lipids and several other
materials used inside and outside of the cell.
The Golgi apparatus

processes and transports wastes (and
other materials) out of the cell.
 processes,
the cell.
sorts, and modifies proteins in
Plant vs. Animal Cells

While plant and animal cells share many organelles,
there are a few organelles that are specific to plant
cells. These organelles include the cell wall and
chloroplasts.
 Unlike animal cells, plant cells have chloroplasts and a
cell wall.
 The cell wall is a secretion of the cell membrane; it
provides protection from physical injury and, with the
vacuole, it provides structural support. Since it is made
primarily of cellulose, it gives plant cells a structure
that is more rigid than that of animal cells.

The chloroplasts are the food producers in a plant
cell. These small green organelles use energy from
the Sun to produce glucose sugar in a process called
photosynthesis. Both plants and animals use glucose
as a source of energy.
Cell Functions
 Cells
of multicellular organisms must grow
and divide as the organism grows.
 This is because the size of individual cells
does not change very much.
 When an organism needs to grow bigger,
it must make more cells. The body of a
multicellular organism can also repair itself
by using cell division to make more cells.
obtain nutrients

The cell membrane of a cell allows the
cell to take in nutrients (or food molecules)
while keeping out things that are bad for
the cell.
 Plant
cells that contain chloroplasts can
also make their own food by using energy
from the Sun.
extract energy.

The mitochondria found in both plant and
animal cells use nutrients to make ATP.
 Cells
use ATP as their main source of
energy.
dispose of waste materials
 During
waste removal, the cell membrane
works with other cell organelles to move
waste products from an area of higher
concentration (inside the cell) to an area of
lower concentration (outside the cell.)
Cells & Water
 All
organisms need water to survive and to
maintain normal functions.
 Cells need water for most life processes,
such as getting energy from food and
transporting materials between cells.
 The cells of all living things contain
water. In fact, water accounts for about
two-thirds of a typical cell's mass.
photosynthesis.
 Plants
receive their energy from the Sun in
a process known as photosynthesis.
 The cycle of photosynthesis combines
water, carbon dioxide (the gas that
humans and other animals exhale) and
light energy to produce energy and
oxygen.
osmosis
 Diffusion
of water through a semipermeable membrane
cellular respiration
 Animals
go through a process
of cellular respiration to receive energy
from food
Single-celled & Multi-celled
Organisms

All living things contain at least one cell.
 Single-celled organisms perform all of their
life processes within a single cell, while multicelled organisms can have specialized cells
for different functions.
 Cells contain everything that is necessary for
life. They have a variety of parts, and each
part has a different set of functions. Cells
may be part of a multi-celled organism, or
they may be single-celled organisms.
Single-celled Organisms
 Single-celled,
or unicellular, organisms
may live alone or as part of a colony.
 For single-celled organisms, each cell by
itself can get food and air.
 Many single-celled organisms can move
themselves through their
environments. Single-celled organisms
can reproduce themselves, although some
do reproduce sexually.
Multi-celled Organisms

Multi-celled, or multicellular, organisms may
have many different kinds of cells.
 Each kind of cell has its own purpose and
specialized parts that help the cell to carry
out its function. Cells from multi-celled
organisms cannot survive on their own. The
cells must work together in order to get food
and air and to help the organism reproduce.
 Multi-celled organisms may be very small and
made up of only a few cells, or very large and
made up of trillions and trillions of cells. All
plants and animals are multi-celled
organisms.