Transcript 1.19.11
Learning
Targets
Define the Geologic Time Scale
Distinguish between Eons, Eras, Periods, and
Epochs
Homework
Ch. 21.1 L.T.s due on Thursday
Syllabus due Friday
Review for Quiz Friday
Q.O.D.
In your own words, define what the geologic time
scale is
Fossils and the Rock
Record
Geologic
Time Scale
Fossils are found in rocks
These rocks help scientists interpret, or learn,
about Earth’s history
Fossils and their records are used to divide time
into units
All time units put together make up the GTS
When
was the GTS
developed?
GTS was established
over 300 years ago
It has been changed
a little, but mainly
remains the same
The GTS and its
units are based on
FOSSILS and their
PRESENCE IN ROCKS
EONS
Largest of all time units
Precambrian- consists of Hadean, Archean, and
Proterzoic
Precambrian makes up 90% of all geologic time
Earth was formed during this time
Earth could support simple life
Many fossils were simple,
soft bodied animals
4.6
billion years ago - about 550 million years
ago (formation of Earth)
No life on land
Fossil bacteria and algae
Crust becomes solid
Oxygen in atmosphere
ERAS
Second
Largest Unit of Time
Determined by LIFE/FOSSILS
Named for the time period
(Paleo)zoic= old life
(Meso)zoic= middle life
(Ceno)zoic= recent life
-zoic mean life
Periods
Shorter than eras and eons
Generally named for the region where the rocks
where first observed
Epochs
Smallest divisions of time
Rocks from the Cenozoic era are the best
PRESERVED due to being the newest
Fossils are less subjective to weathering and
erosion
Early
life was very
SIMPLE
As
time passed,
life became more
COMPLEX
Fossils
from this eon are ABUNDANT
Phanerozoic
means “visible life”
About 550 mya - 250 mya
Age of invertebrates
Oceans
full of different organisms
Trilobites: first hard shelled life-forms
Land plants appeared later, followed by
animals
Mass extinction- end of Paleozoic Era
Largest extinction where 90% of marine
organisms became extinct
Broken
down into 6 Periods
550
mya - 490 mya
Cambrian explosion
First great expansion
of sea life
Burgess Shale
490
mya- 440 mya
Jawless fish
First land plants
Ends in mass
extinction
Hagfish
440
mya - 408 mya
First jawed fish
Insects like millipedes and
centipedes
First vascular plants on land
Dunkleosteus
408
mya - 360 mya
Age of Fish --> Fish
and land plants
become very diverse
First sharks appear
Non-winged insects
move to land
Tetrapods move to
land near end
Late Mass extinction
360
mya - 280 mya
Can be split into
Mississippian and
Pennsylvanian periods
First insects with wings
First reptiles
Cockroaches first
appear
Wide spread Coal
Swamps
280
mya - 248 mya
Age of Amphibians
Continents merge
into Pangea
Largest ever
extinction ends the
Permian
http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Permian/PALIn
tro.html
250
mya - 65 mya
“Age of Dinosaurs”
All different species thrived during this time,
reptiles ruled ocean, large insects evolved
Water dwelling amphibians adapted to land
Mammals evolved and began to diversify
Flowering plants and trees emerged
3 Time periods --> Triassic, Jurassic,
Cretaceous
250
mya - 208 mya
First dinosaurs, mammals,
and crocodyloforms
Ends with a mass
extinction
Extinction allows
dinosaurs to fill niches
and diversify
208
mya - 146 mya
Lots of dinosaurs including
sauropods
First flowering plants
146
mya - 65 mya
Dinosaurs rule the
earth
First crocodiles, ants,
bees, snakes
Feathered dinosaurs
appear
K/T mass extinction -no more dinosaurs
65
mya - ??????
“Age of the Mammals”
Increased numbers and diversity
Human ancestors appeared
2
First primates emerged in Paleocene Epoch
Modern humans emerged in the Pleistocene
Epoch
time periods --> Tertiary and Quaternary
65
mya - 1.8 mya
Mammals abound
Primitive primates
Horses, whales, pigs,
deer
Grasses common
Megalodon
1.8
mya - ????
Ice Ages
Large mammals like
mammoths, mastadons,
sabertooths, giant sloths
First Homo sapiens