Transcript Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells

Cell: the smallest unit of life
Discovery of Cells
• 1665- Robert Hooke was the first to identify
and name cells.
• 1674- Anton van Leeuwenhoek made better
lenses and observed cells in greater detail.
• 1838- Mathias Schleiden noted that plants
are made of cells
• 1839- Theodor Schwann concluded that all
living things are made of cells
• 1855- Rudolf Virchow proposed that all cells
come from other cells
Cell Theory
• All organisms are made
of cells
• All existing cells are
produced by other living
cells.
• The cell is the most
basic unit of life.
Prokaryotic cells
• Simple cells
• No nucleus
• Ex: bacteria
Staphylococcus aureus
Prokaryotic Cell
E Coli Bacteria
Enterococcus
faecalis Bacteria
Eukaryotic Cells
• More complex
• Have a true nucleus
• Make up all living cells other than bacteria
Eukaryotic Cell
Fingernail
Nerve Cell Nerve cell
Hair Cell
White and Red Blood Cells
Similarities and differences between
the Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells
Cell size
1-10 micrometers
10-100 micrometers
Cell membrane?
Yes
Yes
Membrane-bound
organelles?
No
Yes
Have nucleus?
No
Yes
Have cytoplasm?
Yes
Yes
Have DNA
Yes, in cytoplasm
Yes, in nucleus
Examples
Bacteria
Fungi, plants, animals
Cells use three different methods to move
themselves or debris
Flagella: long hairlike filaments used by
some prokaryotes to move
Flagellum
Cilia: short hairlike projections that
some cells use for movement
Pseudopod: false foot
Picture Quiz
• Identify the cells as prokaryotic or
eukaryotic.
Eukaryotic- Mushroom Cell
Eukaryotic- Red blood cells
Prokaryotic- Lactobacilli
bacteria
Eukaryotic- fish egg cell
Prokaryotic- MRSA
Prokaryotic- Streptococcus
pneumoniae bacteria
Eukaryotic- Fern leaf cell
Eukaryotic- taste bud cell
Eukaryotic- Osteocyte (bone
cell)
Eukaryotic- cartilage cells
Cell Organelles
• Specialized cell parts that carry out many
different processes and functions.
Cell membrane
• Barrier around the cell that controls what goes in
and out
• Security Guard
Nucleus
• Controls most of
the cell’s
processes
• Stores DNA
• Control center or
‘brain’
Nuclear
Membrane
• Separates the
nucleus from the
rest of the cell
Nucleolus
• Darker portion inside the nucleus that
produces ribosomes
Cytoplasm (cytosol)
• Jelly-like fluid inside the cell where
metabolic processes occur
Ribosome
• Small organelles that float in the
cytoplasm or on the ER that build proteins
• Cell workers
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Produces and transports materials such as
proteins
• Assembly line
Golgi Apparatus (Golgi body)
• Packages and distributes proteins and
lipids
• Shipping and handling department
Lysosome
• Stores enzymes
and removes wornout organelles.
Mainly in animal
cells.
• Waste disposal unit
Mitochondria
• Provides energy
for the cell
• Powerhouse or
powerplant
Cytoskeleton
• Thin protein fibers that helps keep the
cell’s shape
Centrioles
• Only found in animal cells that are
important for cell division
Cell wall
• Found only in plant and fungus cells.
• Provides extra shape, support and
protection.
Chloroplast
• Found only in plant cell. They contain
chlorophyll used for photosynthesis
Vacuole
• Stores water, salts, and wastes. Plants
have larger ones
• Storage unit
Differences Between Plant and
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Animal Cells
Have a Cell Membrane,
Nucleus, Mitochondria,
Ribosomes, Golgi
apparatus, and
Endoplasmic Reticulum?
YES
YES
Have a Cell Wall?
YES
NO
Have Lysosomes?
NO (rarely)
YES
Have Vacuoles?
YES
None or Small
Have Chloroplasts?
YES
NO
Cellular Differentiation
• 250 different kinds of cells in the human
body
• Through cellular differentiation, different
types of cells are created to carry out
specific tasks or functions.
• In animals the “starter” cells that
differentiate are called stem cells
• In plants those cells are called
meristematic cells
Cellular Organization
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems
Organisms
Image References
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