Transcript Biogeochemical Cycle

13.5 Cycling of Matter
KEY CONCEPT
Matter cycles in and out of an ecosystem.
Biogeochemical Cycle is the movement of a particular
chemical through the biological and geological, or
living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.
5 Cycles:
Water
Oxygen
Carbon
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
13.5 Cycling of Matter
Water cycles through the environment.
• The hydrologic, or water, cycle is the circular pathway of
water on Earth.
• Organisms all have bodies made mostly of water.
precipitation
condensation
transpiration
evaporation
lake
groundwater
surface
runoff
water storage
in ocean
13.5 Cycling of Matter
precipitation
condensation
transpiration
evaporation
surface
runoff
lake
water storage
in ocean
groundwater
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13.5 Cycling of Matter
In which parts of the water cycle is
water in the liquid state?
Precipitation, runoff,
groundwater, ocean
water, lakes, seepage
What sources of water are used for
drinking water and by plants for life
their processes?
Lake, ground water,
runoff, precipitation
What processes return water vapor to
the atmosphere?
Evaporation and
transpiration
What process transforms water vapor
to liquid water?
Condensation
Which state of water is not shown in
the diagram but is still an important
reservoir of water?
Solid: ice, snow
13.5 Cycling of Matter
Elements essential for life also cycle through
ecosystems.
•
The main processes involved in
the oxygen cycle are
photosynthesis and respiration.
• Most organisms need
oxygen for…?
• Plants release oxygen as a
by product during
photosynthesis.
• Humans and most other
organisms take in oxygen
and release it as carbon
dioxide through cellular
respiration.
oxygen
photosynthesis
respiration
carbon
dioxide
13.5 Cycling of Matter
• Carbon is the building block of life.
– Carbon is an essential component of what 3 organic
molecules in the human body?
– Carbohydrates, proteins and fats
carbon
dioxide
in air combustion
respiration
photosynthesis
respiration
decomposition
of organisms
fossil fuels
photosynthesis
carbon dioxide
dissolved in water
13.5 Cycling of Matter
– The carbon cycle moves carbon from the atmosphere,
through the food web, and returns to the atmosphere.
– Carbon is emitted by the burning of fossil fuels.
– Some carbon is stored for long periods of time in
areas called carbon sinks.
carbon
dioxide
in air combustion
respiration
photosynthesis
respiration
decomposition
of organisms
fossil fuels
photosynthesis
carbon dioxide
dissolved in water
13.5 Cycling of Matter
Components of
the Carbon
Cycle
Respiration
Decomposition
Relation to Cycle
Returns carbon to the atmosphere
Breaking down dead organisms returns
carbon to atmosphere
Combustion
Burning of fossil fuels and wood as well as
emissions from factories and automobiles adds
carbon to atmosphere
Photosynthesis
Plants use energy from sun and CO2 from
atmosphere to build organic materials
13.5 Cycling of Matter
• The nitrogen cycle mostly takes place underground.
– Some bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen into ammonia
through a process called nitrogen fixation.
– Some nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in
nodules on the
nitrogen in
atmosphere
roots of plants;
animals
others live
freely in
the soil.
plant
nitrogen-fixing
bacteria in
decomposers
roots
ammonification
nitrogen-fixing
ammonium
bacteria in soil
nitrifying
bacteria
nitrates
nitrifying
bacteria
nitrites
denitrifying
bacteria
13.5 Cycling of Matter
Where does much of
the nitrogen cycle take
place?
What is the source of
nitrogen for the animal?
What is the source of
nitrogen for the plants?
What is the source of
nitrogen for
decomposers?
Which organisms act as
a bridge between the
nitrogen in the
atmosphere and the
organisms of the
biosphere?
nitrogen in
atmosphere
animals
plant
nitrogen-fixing
bacteria in
decomposers
roots
ammonification
nitrogen-fixing
ammonium
bacteria in soil
nitrifying
bacteria
nitrates
nitrifying
bacteria
nitrites
denitrifyin
bacteria
13.5 Cycling of Matter
Where does much of
the nitrogen cycle take
place?
What is the source of
nitrogen for the animal?
Underground
Plants
What is the source of
nitrogen for the plants?
Decomposers &
Bacteria
What is the source of
nitrogen for
decomposers?
Which organisms act as
a bridge between the
nitrogen in the
atmosphere and the
organisms of the
biosphere?
Dead organic matter- dead animals and
plants, animal excretions
Bacteria
13.5 Cycling of Matter
• The phosphorus cycle takes place at and below ground
level.
– Begins when:
Phosphate is
rain
released by the
geologic uplifting
weathering of
rocks.
weathering of
phosphate from rocks
runoff
– Phosphorus moves
plants
through the food
web (from
animals
phosphate
phosphate in solution
producers to
in soil
leaching
consumers) and
returns to the soil
sedimentation
during
forms new rocks
decomposers
decomposition.
13.5 Cycling of Matter
plants
– Phosphorus leaches
into groundwater from
the soil for use by
rain
geologic uplifting
producers.
– Over many thousands
weathering of
phosphate from rocks
of years the sediment
runoff
eventually becomes
rock again
animals
phosphate
phosphate in solution
– Both mining and
in soil
leaching
agriculture add
phosphorus into the
environment and can
sedimentation
forms new rocks
decomposers
cause serious problems
like algal blooms
13.5 Cycling of Matter
• Algal Bloom video
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AvigoZgYbT4
13.5 Cycling of Matter