Transcript Paleoclimate - Cal State LA

Introduction
A.
Beginning(~1500AD) da Vinci
saw fossils in rks of
Italian Apennines
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Concluded fossils
once living marine
organisms
Introduction
B.
Steno- 1669important
contributor
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Principle of Original
Horizontality
Principle of
Superposition
Principle of Lateral
Continuity
Steno Principles
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www.cerritos.edu
Lateral Continuity
Superposition
Original Horizontality
II. Development of Sed Strat as
Science
Organization of sed
rocks—Arduino (171415) divided rocks
A.
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Primary Mtns-metallic
ores no fossils
Secondary MtnsStratified, lithified,
fossiliferous, no fossils
Tertiary low MtnsFossiliferous,
unconsolidated gravels,
sands clay, volcanics
Alluvium- Sediment
washed down from
mtns
II. Development of Sed Strat as Science
Geologic Cycle and
Uniformitarianism
B.
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James Hutton (17271797)-Scottish
Physician, farmer
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Noted cyclicity to
earth’s behavior
Uplift, erosion,
transport, deposition
Established Principle
of Uniformitarianism
or Actualism
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present key to past
but rates change and
catastrophes occur
II. Development of Sed Strat
as Science
C.
Birth of Biostratigraphy &
Stratigraphic Correlation
A.
William Smith(1769-1839)-English
surveyor, engineer
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“father” of biostratigraphy
Canal builder noted relationship of
fossils & rocks
Established law of faunal succession—
fossils succeed each other in
organized & recognizable fashion
Produced first geologic map
Birth of Biostratigraphy & Stratigraphic Correlation
D’Orbigny (1842)-developed
biologic stage for rock
division
B.
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strata systematically follow
each other with
characteristic fossil
assemblage
Oppel (1856)- developed
biologic zone
C.
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Rocks deposited during
existence of specific fossil
Zones based of first
appearance of last
appearance of organisms
Zones could be correlated
II. Development of Sed Strat as Science
Petrographic microscope
development
D.
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Geologic RevolutionSeafloor Spreading and
Plate Tectonics
E.
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F.
Sorby began
microscopic study of
rocks
Led to description and
systematic study of
rocks
1950-1960sRenaissance period
More funds, more
geophysical exploration,
Deep Sea Drilling
Project
More oil exploration
F.
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New Tools
Magnetic and Seismic
Surveying
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Identification of
normal/reverse
periods led to
magnetostratigraphy
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Seismic surveying
could identify units
and unconformities,
packages of related
rocks
Isotope stratigraphy
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Use carbon and
oxygen isotopes to
correlate units
Magnetostratigraphy
www.paleomag.net
Seismic Stratigraphy
www-odp.tamu.edu
II. Development of Sed Strat as Science
G.
Sedimentary
Rocks and Earth
History
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Paleoclimate

study of ancient
climate
II. Development of Sed Strat as Science
G.
Sedimentary Rocks
and Earth History
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Paleogeography

reconstruction of area
for given time in past
Wiley.com
II. Development of Sed Strat as Science
G.
Sedimentary Rocks
and Earth History
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Paleoecology &
Evolution
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studies relationships
between ancient
organisms & their
environments
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Life restoration of a group of giant
azhdarchids, Quetzalcoatlus northropi,
foraging on a Cretaceous fern prairie.
palaeoblog.blogspot.com
II. Development of Sed Strat as Science
G.
Sedimentary Rocks
and Earth History
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Paleoceanography
& Ancient
Atmosphere
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Composition of
ancient oceans and
atmosphere using
isotopes
Frank Corsetti