Transcript 4.1 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Earthquakes occur along faults.

CHAPTER
NEW CHAPTER
Earthquakes
the BIG idea
Earthquakes release stress that has built up in rocks.
4.1 Earthquakes occur along faults.
4.2 Earthquakes release energy.
4.3 Earthquake damage can be reduced.
CHAPTER OUTLINE
4.1
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
Earthquakes occur along faults.
Normal faults form as rocks are pulled apart.
VOCABULARY
fault
stress
earthquake
SECTION
OUTLINE
4.1
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
Earthquakes occur along faults.
Normal faults form as rocks are pulled apart.
Reverse faults form as rocks are pushed together.
VOCABULARY
fault
stress
earthquake
SECTION
OUTLINE
4.1
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
Earthquakes occur along faults.
Normal faults form as rocks are pulled apart.
Reverse faults form as rocks are pushed together.
Strike-slip faults form as rocks are pushed horizontally in
opposite directions.
VOCABULARY
fault
stress
earthquake
SECTION
OUTLINE
4.2
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
Earthquakes release energy.
VOCABULARY
seismic wave
focus
epicenter
epicenter
seismograph
focus
Seismic waves move out
from the focus in all
directions.
SECTION
OUTLINE
4.3
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
Earthquake damage can be reduced.
A powerful earthquake releases more energy and
causes more shaking of the ground than does a weak
earthquake.
Magnitude
0–3.9
Very Minor to Minor
4.0–4.9
Light
5.0–5.9
Moderate
6.0–6.9
Strong
7.0–7.9
Major
8.0 and above
Great
Effects Near
Epicenter
rarely noticed
VOCABULARY
aftershock
liquefaction
tsunami
slight damage
some structures
damaged
major damage to
structures
some well-built
structures destroyed
major to total
destruction
SECTION
OUTLINE
KEY CONCEPT
4.3
CHAPTER HOME
Earthquake damage can be reduced.
VOCABULARY
aftershock
liquefaction
tsunami
0
200
400 miles
0 200 400 kilometers
An area’s risk of earthquakes can be predicted.
SECTION
OUTLINE
4.3
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
Earthquake damage can be reduced.
VOCABULARY
aftershock
liquefaction
tsunami
Structures can be designed for greater safety in an
earthquake.
SECTION
OUTLINE
4.1
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
Earthquakes occur along faults.
I. Earthquakes occur along faults.
A. Rocks move along faults.
B. Faults are classified by how rocks move.
VOCABULARY
fault
stress
earthquake
1. Normal Faults
2. Reverse Faults
3. Strike-Slip Faults
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
4.2
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
Earthquakes release energy.
II. Earthquakes release energy.
A. Energy from earthquakes travels through
Earth.
1. Waves and Energy
2. Primary Waves
VOCABULARY
seismic wave
focus
epicenter
seismograph
3. Secondary Waves
4. Surface Waves
B. Seismic waves can be measured.
1. Using Seismographs
2. Locating an Earthquake
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
4.3
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
Earthquake damage can be reduced.
III. Earthquake damage can be reduced.
A. Earthquakes can cause severe damage and
loss of life.
1. Earthquake Magnitude
VOCABULARY
aftershock
liquefaction
tsunami
2. Damage from Earthquakes
3. Damage from Tsunamis
B. Scientists work to monitor and predict
earthquakes.
C. Structures can be designed to resist
earthquake damage.
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY