Transcript kingking deposit

MAGMATISM AND HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM
OF THE KINGKING PORPHYRY COPPER DEPOSIT:
AN INSIGHT INTO THE MINERALIZATION OF THE
COPPER-GOLD BELT IN SOUTHEASTERN
MINDANAO, PHILIPPINES
LEILANIE O. SUERTE, D. Eng.
Mines and Geosciences Bureau Regional Office No. 6
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Iloilo City
MINES AND GEOSCIENCES BUREAU Technical Forum
November 22 2010
OUTLINE
• INTRODUCTION
• METHODOLOGY
• RESULTS AND FINDINGS
• APPLICATIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE
• RECOMMENDATIONS
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN THE MINING SECTOR
2000 VS 2009
INDICATORS
Operating Mines/Mining
Projects
- Large/Medium Scale
- Small Scale
The Philippines has
abundant mineral
resources
1981 to 1985 - top 5
in gold and top 10 in
copper production
MAP AND DATA FROM MGB-DENR
PRESENT
(2009)
estimated
PREVIOUS
(2000)
29
2,649
41
2,343
MINING TAXES/FEES/
CHARGES
P2.65 B
P7.84 B
EMPLOYMENT (DOLE)
Direct: 110,000
Indirect: 550,000
Direct: 165,000
Indirect: 825,000
PhP 31.0 B
PhP 106.55 B
7,629,004
8,785,089
Area planted (Mining Forest
Program)
3,146.44 has
9,834.99 has
Approved Env ironmental
Protection and Enhanc ement
Programs (EPEP)
29
61
GROSS OUTPUT
Seedlings planted (Mining
Forest Program)
METALLIC MINERAL PRODUCERS
20
Operating Copper
Mines:
18
COPPER
GOLD
NICKEL
CHROMITE
16
PADCAL COPPER
MINE (PHILEX)
12
10
CARMEN COPPER
PROJECT
(ATLAS/CCC)
8
6
CANATUAN
SULPHIDE PHASE
PROJECT (TVI)
4
2
0
1 97 5
1 97 6
1 97 7
1 97 8
1 97 9
1 98 0
1 98 1
1 98 2
1 98 3
1 98 4
1 98 5
1 98 6
1 98 7
1 98 8
1 98 9
1 99 0
1 99 1
1 99 2
1 99 3
1 99 4
1 99 5
1 99 6
1 99 7
1 99 8
1 99 9
2 00 0
2 00 1
2 00 2
2 00 3
2 00 4
2 00 5
2 00 6
2 00 7
2 00 8
NUMBER OF PRODUCERS
14
1970s
1980s
1990s
Year
2000
2008
SOME MINING CONCERNS
Limited data (geology and mineralization), dwindling ore reserves, high cost of
prospecting, exploration and mine development
IF MINING ---> ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
HOW CAN WE HELP IN THE REVITALIZATION OF THE MINING INDUSTRY ?
PROVIDE THE INVESTORS/ ---> RELIABLE DATA
MINING COMPANIES
EXPLORATION TOOL
ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ORE MINERALS
Area/Mine
Boyongan
Southeastern
Mindanao - hosts
several porphyry
copper deposits/
prospects
Resources/Reserves
(million tonnes)
% Cu
g/t Au
300.00
0.60
Asiga
26.00
0.36
TagpuraKalamatanMaangob (Batoto)
75.60
0.44
0.50
Amacan
65.00
0.34
0.41
Mapula
78.00
0.40
0.36
353.00
0.39
0.44
Kingking
1.00
•
PORPHYRY COPPER DEPOSITS - low-grade copper, gold and (or) molybdenum
mineralization usually within and around diorites and defined by zones of alteration; provides
more than half of the world’s supply for copper and a significant source of gold
•
From 1990-1995, 26% of the annual gold production of the Philippines came from porphyry
copper deposits
•
Copper - electrical materials and machineries, electronics industry, coinage, etc.
•
Gold - coinage, jewelry, photography, medical, dental and electronics industry, etc.
PORPHYRY COPPER-GOLD MINES
• Philex Mining Corporation PADCAL Copper Mine (as of Dec. 2008):
Proved ore reserves (remaining) 54.7 million MT
Mine life
~ 58 yrs (until 2017)
Current no. of employees
2,478 persons
Taxes and fees paid (2008)
PhP 1.015 Billion
• Kingking Porphyry Copper-Gold Deposit
2 billion lbs. of copper concentrate
4 million oz. of gold
4 million oz. of silver
Value
Taxes and other fees
Mine life
-
US $ 14 Billion
> US $ 400 Million
~13-15 yrs
OBJECTIVES
1.
ADDRESS THE SCARCITY OF PUBLISHED DATA
(geology and mineralization) in a known and profitable
mining area
2. TO KNOW MORE ABOUT PORPHYRY COPPER
MINERALIZATION
IN
SOUTHERN
PHILIPPINES
(characteristics and age of intrusive rocks, hydrothermal
system)
3. PROPOSE A GENETIC MODEL ON THE FORMATION
OF THE KINGKING DEPOSIT which could provide clues
on how to look for porphyry copper deposits
METHODOLOGY
FORMATION OF THE KINGKING PORPHYRY COPPER DEPOSIT
EXPLORATION TOOL FOR PORPHYRY COPPER DEPOSITS
TIOGDAN
CORE HOUSE
BENGUET CORP.
KAMPO II
LITHOLOGIC MAP OF THE KINGKING
PORPHYRY COPPER DEPOSIT
ALTERATION
Potassic alteration (biotite/kfeldspar) in Biotite Diorite
Porphyry and Hornblende
Diorite Porphyry
Most of the copper ores are
located in the potassic
alteration zone
Usual sources of copper and (or) gold - quartz veinlets stockworks
and disseminations of copper ores in the diorites
Primary copper ores - bornite and chalcopyrite
Gold is present in chalcopyrite and bornite
A NEW SOURCE OF COPPER ORE IN A
PORPHYRY COPPER DEPOSIT?
OLD
•
BORNITE PODS - bornite + chalcopyrite
+ calaverite
•
1ST time to be reported in the
Philippines; 2ND in the world after
Endeavor Mine in Northparkes, Australia
•
Not related to quartz veinlets stockworks
or disseminations
•
Associated with the Biotite
Porphyry, (brecciated portion)
•
Larger compared to other copper ores
Diorite
BORNITE PODS
• Sulfur isotope analysis - ultimate source of
sulfur is identical for bornite pods and
sulfides associated with quartz veinlets
stockworks
• May be xenoliths, representing sulfide
melt from earlier mineralized diorites and
volcanics rocks formed by compactiondriven sulfide segregation and filter
pressing differentiation
• Suggests multiple stages of mineralization
& efficient natural process of concentrating
copper ores
CHARACTERISTICS OF MAGMA AND ORE FLUIDS AT
THE KINGKING PORPHYRY COPPER DEPOSIT
Fields after Defant and
Drummond (1990) and
Castillo et al (1999)
• Enriched in LREE, depleted in HREE
• Mineral chemistry - magnesian
composition, XMg = 0.57 to 0.82
and 0.60 to 0.79, SO3 = 55 wt%
• Dioritic, genetically related, calcalkaline, adakitic, hydrous, oxidizing
The magma has potential to generate
porphyry copper deposits
• Hot, metal- and
sulfur-rich,
hypersaline
hydrothermal
fluid (~400°C
and higher)
• Forms potassic
alteration,
depositing most
of the copper
and gold
NEW AGE DATA FOR INTRUSIVE ROCKS
IN SOUTHEASTERN MINDANAO
Sample
Spike
Potassium
No.
No.
(wt. %)
Rad.
40
Ar
(10-8 cc STP/g)
K-Ar age
Non-rad.
(Ma)
40
Ar
(%)
A-17-1E
S40-341
0.366 ± 0.018
38.61 ± 0.8427.0 27.0
± 1.5
 1.5
Ma
46.4
KKII-11-1A
S40-342
0.415 ± 0.021
18.37 ± 0.6311.37
11.37
0.69
 ±0.60
Ma
63.8
Mineralization can also occur in specific
time frames
31.44  0.78 Ma
46.14  1.58 Ma
27.0  1.5 Ma
17.49  0.43 Ma
11.37  0.60 Ma
Oligocene (33.7-23.8 million years ago)
to Miocene (23.8-5.3 million years ago)
Age of rocks/mineralization in an area
--> may search for mineralization in rocks
of the same age
FORMATION OF THE
KINGKING PORPHYRY
COPPER DEPOSIT
A.
Dioritic, calc-alkaline,
hydrous, oxidizing and
adakitic magma formed
HDP and DP
B.
Early mineralization
episode
C.
Intrusion of BDP
D.
Formation of bornite pods
and fine-grained matrix
E.
Hydrothermal alteration
and deposition of sulfides
F.
Later intrusion of dikes
USING RESULTS FROM THIS STUDY, THEN…
WHEN LOOKING FOR A PORPHYRY COPPER DEPOSIT:
+
DIORITE
(BIOTITE
DIORITE
PORPHYRY)
+
FAULT/FRACTURE
ZONE
+
QUARTZ VEINLETS
STOCKWORKS
POTASSIC
ALTERATION ZONE
OLIGOCENE TO
MIOCENE AGE
A.
B.
C.
PRIORITIZE OLIGOCENE TO MIOCENE QUARTZ DIORITE, HORNBLENDE DIORITE,
BIOTITE DIORITE PORPHYRY
CHECK OR RE-CHECK DRILL CORE DATA/BRECCIATED PORTION OF DIORITE FOR
PRESENCE OF BORNITE PODS --> CALCULATE VOLUME
POLYPHASE HYPERSALINE FLUID INCLUSIONS AND CALC-ALKALINE, HYDROUS
AND OXIDIZING MAGMA
SIGNIFICANCE:
1. Provide much needed and new data on the geology (diorites,
biotite
diorite
porphyry)
and
mineralization
(veinlets/disseminations/bornite pods) and age of diorites (OligoceneMiocene) in Southeastern Mindanao
2. Identified new and possible alternative source of copper and gold
(bornite pods/clots)
3. Outlined an easy to use exploration tool for porphyry copper
deposits
4. Results were published in international journals and presented in
international conferences
RECOMMENDATIONS
Further study on other aspects of
porphyry
copper
mineralization
especially and other porphyry copper
deposits
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
•
Japanese government (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and
Technology
•
Asso. Prof. A. Imai and Prof. K. Watanabe, Prof. T.Hirajima and Prof. K. Jinno
•
Econ. Geol. Laboratory, Kyushu University and RWG, NIGS, UP Diliman
•
Prof. Itaya, Geochronological Laboratory, Okayama Science University
•
Electron Probe Microanalysis, University of Tokyo
•
Benguet Corporation, Philco Mining, Privatization and Management Office, Apex
Mining Company Limited, Philex Mining
•
DENR, MGB Central Office and Regional Offices No. XI and VI
•
PCIERD-DOST
•
People of Compostela Valley and Davao City