Transcript building materials

BUILDING
MATERIALS
INDEX
1- Title.............................................
2-Index............................................
3-Building materials........................
4-Granulated materials....................
5-Binder materials...........................
6-Binder materials II........................
7-Concrete........................................
8-Concrete II....................................
9-Ceramic materials.........................
10-Ceramic materials II....................
11-Ceramic materials III...................
12-Other materials............................
13-Building of builds........................
14-Building of builds........................
1516-The end.........................................
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BUILDING
MATERIALS
They are ones that we use in the building industry,like:
houses monuments, publics works...
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Granular materials
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Binder materials
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Concrete
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Ceramic materials
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Others
GRANULATED
MATERIALS
Those ones that we obtain from the rocks. Rock is
a very dense material so it gives a lot of protection
GRANITE
There are two types:
-Compact rorcks: they are blocks of
granite, marble, limestone...
-Desintegrated rocks: they are blocks of
rocks that can have different size. We
can diferenciated two types:
-Clay: their main property is that they
can
absorb the water easily.
-Rocks made up of the disgregation of
others rocks (sand...).
BINDER
MATERIALS
They are materials that we use to join differents materials to
make a type of mixture called mortar.
The most important ones are :
LIME: we obtain it
heating limestone rocks.
We use them to paint
walls or to make bricks.
BINDER
MATERIALS II
PLASTER: it is mineral dust that if
we mixed with water we can use to
covert walls and roofs.
There are three types: black
plaster , white plaster and one
more thin.
CEMENT:The most important use
of cement is the production of
mortar and concrete. The most
common cement is the portlant
cements (made up with clay and
limestone).
CONCRETE
Concrete is a mixture of water, binder and desintegrated rocks.
-Concrete is used more than any other man-made
material in the world.
-There are many types of concrete available, created
by varying the proportions of the main ingredients
below:
·Mass concrete: we obtain it of the mixture of
water, cement, sand and chippings.
·Cellular concrete: before the concrete set we add
it some chemical products that expel gases and form
bubbles. With this we improve the termic and acustic
insolation.
Mass concrete
CONCRETE II
Reinforced concrete:
-Reinforced concrete is concrete in which
reinforcement bars or fibers have been
incorporated to strengthen a material.
-The first application of reinforced concrete
as a material for the construction of buildings
took place in 1864.
-Concrete is reinforced to give it extra tensile
strength; without reinforcement, many
concrete buildings would not have been
possible.
Cyclopean concrete
-It is the mixture of cement, water and
desegregated rocks of more than 30cm of
diameter. We use them in walls.
Reinforced concrete
CERAMIC
MATERIALS
The ceramic materials are pieces made up with moulded clay
boiled in kilns.
The process of elaboration of ceramic
materials consists in two parts:
-Mixture and moulded: some
machines mix clay with water, then
they give mass form and they pass
them through different types of
nozzles. Finally they cut them in small
pieces.
-Boiling in kilns: the cuted materials
go through chambers with different
temperatures.
CERAMIC
MATERIALS II
The most common ceramic materials are:
-Brick:
·He oldest shaped bricks found date
back to 7,500 B.C.
·They are pieces of boiled clay with a
prismatic shape and with holes.
·There are two types:
-Thin bricks: the aspect and the
colour is attractive. They have a good
mechanic resistance and isolation properties.
-Poor bricks: they have less
resistance we use them in walls and partition
walls.
CERAMIC
MATERIALS III
Texas: boiled pieces of clay that we use in
overcast and roofs.
Tiles:Tiles are generally used for covering
roofs, floors, and walls, showers, or other
objects such as tabletops. Their properties
are impermeable and brightness.
Gres: it is a mixture of clay, quartz and
feldspar we use them to elaborated ceramic
pieces very resistance to the wear away.
Porcelain: is a ceramic material made by
heating raw materials, generally including
clay in a kiln to temperatures between 1,200
°C and 1,400 °C.
OTHER
MATERIALS
Metals: the most common are:
-Steel: we use it in supports in reinforced concrete, overcoast, piers...
-Aluminium: we use it to make up frames of doors, windows...
-Cooper: we use it in gas, water and heating installations.
-Wood: we use it less each time but it also a common material in roofs,
doors, windows...
-Plastics: we use it in electrics materials, windows...
-Glass: we use it in windows, doors, decoration...
BUILDING OF
BUILDS
The building of a build is a large and complex process and it uses
a great variety of materials and the work of a lot of workers.
There are different steeps:
-Prepare the land through some processes of demolish, nivelation...
-Foundation: it is the colocation of the elements that form the base of the
build.
-Structure elevation: in this steep it builds the pillars and braced that form
the plants of the build. The majority of these are form of reinforced concrete.
BUILDING OF
BUILDS II
Water covering: it consists of the colocation of
the overcast in the build, it can variate depending
of the clime of the zone. For example in places
where it snows the overcast it would be more
inclined.
Paving colocation: over the braced of each plant of
the build it puts materials such as marble, wood...
Upraising of wall: in these steep it builds the
walls and partition walls that close and divided
the plants of the builds with the aim of isolate of
the exterior. It is build up of bricks.
Distribution of installations of water, gas,
electricity, reception of television...
Finish work: in this steep the build is adequate to
their functions.
CONSTRUCTION
MACHINERY
We use different machines in the buildings of builds:
-Digger: we use it in the excavations and movements of the land.
-After the nivelation of the land we compact the land with
steamrollers.
-The materials are transported with lorries.
CONSTRUCTION
MACHINERY II
-In the construction the materials are elevated with crane that
can have different elements:
*Pylon: a metallic structure in vertical position.
*Jib Crane: a metallic structure in horizontal position that can
turn 360º and it has different longitudes.
*Counterweight: a structure in an extreme of the jib crane.
-Cement mixer: this machine carry out the made up of mortar and
concrete.
THE END
A work of....
CARLOS MORELL VARGAS
NICOLÁS IGLESIAS JARAMILLO