Transcript Cell
Class Starter • What is a Scientist? • A person who is studying or has expert knowledge of one or more of the natural or physical sciences. Cell Theory and the Scientists Who Helped Shape It How do you think we have attained the scientific knowledge we have today? • Experimenting How is the body of knowledge communicated around the world? • Discoveries “If I have seen further, it is because I was standing on the shoulders of giants.” Sir Isaac Newton Scientists and the Cell Theory Hans & Zacharias Janssen • 1590 • Father and Son Produced first compound microscope Anton van Leeuwenhoek • Born: October 24, 1632 • Died: August 30, 1723 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_van_Leeuwenhoek • He is known as the “Father of Microscopy.” Anton van Leeuwenhoek • Discoveries: - 1673: He looked at pond scum under the microscope and discovered small organisms he called animalcules or little animals (Protists) - 1676: discovered bacteria http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/staff/TimLynch/sci_class/c hap09/lesson_protista/Protista_Lesson.html#Algae Robert Hooke http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/PictDisplay/Hooke.html • Born: July 18, 1635 • Died: March 3, 1703 • Wrote and published “Micrographia” • Known as the “English Father of Microscopy” Robert Hooke Contributions: - He observed pieces of cork from the bark of a cork tree under the microscope. - His observations led him to coin the word “cell.” - “Cell”- means little rooms in Latin - He compared the small boxes to the small rooms that monks lived in. http://www.learner.org/channel/courses/essential/life/s ession1/closer1.html Matthias Schleiden • • • • http://www.britannica.com/eb/article9066147/Mathias-Jacob-Schleiden Born: April 5, 1804 Died: June 23, 1881 German botanist Discovered that all plants were made of cells • Contributed to the creation of the cell theory Theodor Schwann • Born: December 7, 1810 • Died: January 11, 1882 • German zoologist • Concluded that all animals are made of cells. http://www.nndb.com/people/357/000096069/ • Contributed to the creation of the cell theory Rudolph Virchow • Born: October 13, 1821 • Died: September 5, 1902 • German pathologist • He is known as the “Father of Pathology.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Rudolf_Virchow.jpg • Discovered that all living cells come only from other living cells. Activity • Create a chart a biography in groups about your scientist. • Needed for biography – Background info- When was he born? Died? Where was he from? Did he have a family? – What was his educational background? – What was he labeled as: Ex. Biologist – What was he know as? – What did he discover? What is a Cell? The Cell • The smallest unit that can perform all life processes The Cell Theory 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. 3. Living cells come only from other living cells. Characteristics of Living Things • • • • • • • • (Mr. Fadrug) M made of cells R reproduce F food or raw materials A adapt D develop R respond U use energy G grow Characteristic of Non-living Things Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organisms Unicellular vs. Multicellular • One Cell • Simple • Cannot See Without Microscope • Examples: Bacteria, Amoeba • Many Cells Working Together • Complex • Can See Without A Microscope • Examples: Humans, Plants Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote • Cell Does NOT Have a True Nucleus • Have NO Membrane-Bound organelles • Oldest Type of Cells • Example: Bacteria • Cell Has a True Nucleus • Has Several Membrane-Bound Organelles • Tend to be Larger and More Complex than Prokaryotes • Examples: Human, Plants and Animals Animal Cell Plant Cell Nucleus Mitochondria Golgi Apparatus / Bodies / Complex Central Vacuole “Storage Bin” Cell Membrane “Gatekeeper” Cell Wall Plant Only Golgi Apparatus GA Cytoplasm Ribosomes Cell Mitochondria “Powerhouse” Nucleus “Boss” Endoplasmic Reticulum ER Lysosome Chloroplasts Plant Only Organelle Nucleus Nucleolus Cytoplasm Function Controls all cell activities; Contains the genetic material. “Boss” Spherical body in the nucleus of the cell containing RNA and produces ribosomes Gelatin-like material where most of the work of the cell is carried out. Organelle Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Ribosomes Lysosome Function Folded membranes used to transport material where it is needed – ribosomes attached Tiny structures that process information; makes protein. Remember: “Eat Some Protein Ribs” Breaks down materials that are taken into the cells and worn out organelles. “Waste Removal” Organelle Cell Membrane Function Protective covering. Controls material that comes in and out of the cell. “Gatekeeper” Mitochondria Rod shaped structure which produces the power/energy needed by the cell through cellular respiration. “Powerhouse” Golgi Apparatus (G.A.) Store and package protein. Organelle Cell wall Function Tough outer covering that supports and protects the plant cell. Chloroplasts Provides energy in plant cells by using sunlight to make sugar. Contains chemical chlorophyll. “Food Producers” Central Spherical storage sac for water, food and waste. Vacuole “Storage Bin” Match Function With Cell Parts Function • Controls cell activities Parts of Cells Cell Membrane • Jellylike material that surrounds the nucleus Cytoplasm • Releases energy from food Endoplasmic Reticulum • Make protein for the cell Mitochondria • Tubes through which materials move to all parts of the cell • Controls the flow of materials into and out of the cell Nucleus Ribosomes Cell Wall • Breaks down worn parts of the cell Lysosome • Stores food, water, minerals and waste Chloroplasts • Thick outer covering of plant cells Vacuole • Structures in cells which contain chlorophyll Match Function With Cell Parts Function • Controls cell activities Parts of Cells Cell Membrane • Jellylike material that surrounds the nucleus Cytoplasm • Releases energy from food Endoplasmic Reticulum • Make protein for the cell Mitochondria • Tubes through which materials move to all parts of the cell • Controls the flow of materials into and out of the cell Nucleus Ribosomes Cell Wall • Breaks down worn parts of the cell Lysosome • Stores food, water, minerals and waste Chloroplasts • Thick outer covering of plant cells Vacuole • Structures in cells which contain chlorophyll Identify Cell Parts Animal Cell A – Cytoplasm B – Chloroplast C – Nuclear Membrane D – Nucleus E – Endoplasmic Reticulum F – Ribosomes Plant Cell G – Golgi Apparatus H – Vacuole I – Lysosome J – Cell Membrane K – Mitochondria L – Cell Wall Endoplasmic Reticulum Controls cell activities Mitochondria Tubes that transport Material through the cell Match Function With Cell Parts And Pictures Nucleus Store and package Protein Chloroplast Release energy from food Golgi Apparatus Produces food for the cell through photosynthesis Endoplasmic Reticulum Controls cell activities Mitochondria Tubes that transport Material through the cell Match Function With Cell Parts And Pictures Nucleus Store and package Protein Chloroplast Release energy from food Golgi Apparatus Produces food for the cell through photosynthesis Cell Function Skit Nucleus Lysosome Nucleolus ER Chloroplast Ribosomes Golgi Apparatus Vacuole Mitochondria Sugar Food Food Cytoplasm Cell Membrane