Transcript No Slide Title

Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Matter
Preview
• Understanding Concepts
• Reading Skills
• Interpreting Graphics
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Understanding Concepts
1. Which of the following is an example of a
chemical change?
A. gasoline evaporating
B. sugar dissolving in water
C. a metal surface rusting
D. a mixture separating into its components
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Understanding Concepts, continued
1. Which of the following is an example of a
chemical change?
A. gasoline evaporating
B. sugar dissolving in water
C. a metal surface rusting
D. a mixture separating into its components
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Understanding Concepts, continued
2. Which of the following terms most accurately
describes carbon dioxide?
F. element
G. compound
H. mixture
I. solution
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Understanding Concepts, continued
2. Which of the following terms most accurately
describes carbon dioxide?
F. element
G. compound
H. mixture
I. solution
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Understanding Concepts, continued
3. An experiment shows that the element
mercury has a density of 13.57 g/cm3. What is
the volume of 1.000 kg of pure mercury?
A. 0.7369 cm3
B. 13.57 cm3
C. 73.69 cm3
D. 1,357 cm3
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Understanding Concepts, continued
3. An experiment shows that the element
mercury has a density of 13.57 g/cm3. What is
the volume of 1.000 kg of pure mercury?
A. 0.7369 cm3
B. 13.57 cm3
C. 73.69 cm3
D. 1,357 cm3
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Understanding Concepts, continued
4. At 4 °C, the volume of 15 g of water was 15
cm3. At 20 °C, the volume of the same 15 g of
water was 15.03 cm3. What effect did the
increase in temperature have on the water’s
density?
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Understanding Concepts, continued
4. At 4 °C, the volume of 15 g of water was 15
cm3. At 20 °C, the volume of the same 15 g of
water was 15.03 cm3. What effect did the
increase in temperature have on the water’s
density?
Answer: The density decreased.
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Understanding Concepts, continued
5. If the density of water changes because the
temperature of the water changes, is this
change a physical change or a chemical
change?
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Understanding Concepts, continued
5. If the density of water changes because the
temperature of the water changes, is this
change a physical change or a chemical
change?
Answer: The change in density is a physical
change.
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Understanding Concepts, continued
6. Study the graph below. Which has a greater
density: water or gasoline?
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Understanding Concepts, continued
6. Study the graph below. Which has a greater
density: water or gasoline?
Answer: Water has a greater density than
gasoline.
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Reading Skills
METAL ALLOYS
When a metallic element is combined with one or more other
elements and the resulting combination has metallic properties,
that combination is known as an alloy. Metals are most often
alloyed with other metals, but other elements and compounds can
also be included in an alloy to give it particular properties. For
example, blending small amounts of manganese and carbon with
iron creates a substance known as carbon steel. Carbon steel is
harder and more corrosion resistant than pure iron.
Some alloys are compounds. One example is cementite, Fe3C.
Other alloys, such as bronze and brass, are solutions of two or
more metals dissolved in one another. Alloys that are mixtures of
several compounds may not have a single melting point. Instead,
they may have a melting range, in which the material is a
combination of a solid and a liquid.
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Reading Skills, continued
7. Which of the following is an alloy?
F. iron
G. carbon
H. bronze
I. manganese
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Reading Skills, continued
7. Which of the following is an alloy?
F. iron
G. carbon
H. bronze
I. manganese
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Reading Skills, continued
8.
An alloy of aluminum is observed to have a melting
range instead of a single melting point. What can be
concluded from this observation?
A. The alloy is a compound.
B. The alloy is probably a mixture of different
compounds.
C. The other components in the alloy have higher
melting points.
D. Each individual molecule of the aluminum alloy has
all of the properties of the alloy.
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Reading Skills, continued
8.
An alloy of aluminum is observed to have a melting
range instead of a single melting point. What can be
concluded from this observation?
A. The alloy is a compound.
B. The alloy is probably a mixture of different
compounds.
C. The other components in the alloy have higher
melting points.
D. Each individual molecule of the aluminum alloy has
all of the properties of the alloy.
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Interpreting Graphics
The tables below give the chemical formulas for some
common substances. Use the tables to answer
questions 9–11.
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Interpreting Graphics, continued
9. Which of the following substances is classified as a
compound?
F. water
G. ozone
H. hydrogen gas
I. solid sulfur
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Interpreting Graphics, continued
9. Which of the following substances is classified as a
compound?
F. water
G. ozone
H. hydrogen gas
I. solid sulfur
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Interpreting Graphics, continued
10. A mixture contains 100 molecules of table salt, 30
molecules of baking soda, 20 molecules of ethanol, and
10 molecules of water. Atoms from which of the following
elements make up most of the mixture?
A. sodium, Na
C. hydrogen, H
B. oxygen, O
D. carbon, C
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Interpreting Graphics, continued
10. A mixture contains 100 molecules of table salt, 30
molecules of baking soda, 20 molecules of ethanol, and
10 molecules of water. Atoms from which of the following
elements make up most of the mixture?
A. sodium, Na
C. hydrogen, H
B. oxygen, O
D. carbon, C
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Interpreting Graphics, continued
11. A scientist discovers a way to easily combine molecules
of ozone and molecules of hydrogen gas to make
molecules of water. To create 300 molecules of water,
how many molecules of ozone and how many molecules
of hydrogen gas would the scientist need?
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Interpreting Graphics, continued
11. A scientist discovers a way to easily combine molecules
of ozone and molecules of hydrogen gas to make
molecules of water. To create 300 molecules of water,
how many molecules of ozone and how many molecules
of hydrogen gas would the scientist need?
Answer: 100 molecules of ozone and 300 molecules of
hydrogen gas
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Interpreting Graphics, continued
A geologist who is studying rocks found on an
expedition places a 25 g graduated cylinder on a scale
and adds 100 cm3 of water to the cylinder. Then, the
geologist places the rocks in the cylinder one at a time,
as shown below. Use the graphic to answer questions
12 and 13.
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Interpreting Graphics, continued
12. Which rock or rocks have the greatest density?
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Interpreting Graphics, continued
12. Which rock or rocks have the greatest density?
Answer: Rock B
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Interpreting Graphics, continued
13. Which rock or rocks will float to the surface of the
water in the cylinder? Why?
Matter
Standardized Test Prep
Interpreting Graphics, continued
13. Which rock or rocks will float to the surface of the
water in the cylinder? Why?
Answer: Rock C, because its density is less than water’s.