Transcript 3D printing Material for physical Modeling

Small is beautiful: AGL physical
modeling and salt measurements
N. Dyaur, R. Stewart, and L. Huang
Houston
May 16, 2013
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Introduction & motivation
• Why physical modeling?
• AGL physical modeling system
• Scaled models of resource interest
– laser-etched glass
– 3D printed materials
– Inclusions and injection
• Fracture results
• Ultrasonic measurements on salt & sediments
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Schematic diagram of ultrasonic system
100 kHz to 5 MHz sources and receivers
Use 10,000 factor to compare to seismic:
100 kHz = 10 Hz, 5MHz = 500 Hz
Source
Receiver
Source
Receiver
Source
Marine System
Land System
Receiver
Measurement system
Receiver stations
Source
Microseismic experiment
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Marine system
AGL Ultrasonic Research Systems
Land System
Ultrasonic measurement system
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Part of Models
Fracture Modeling
Glass models
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Example of CMP profiles in ultrasonic experiment in laser
fractured glass
(processed by Bode Omoboya)
P-wave Reflection
from Top of Fracture
Direct Arrival
P-wave Reflection
from Base of Fracture
P-Wave
Reflection
from Glass
Bottom
C-Wave
Reflection
from Glass
Bottom
Shear-Wave
Reflection
from Glass
Bottom
OFF Fracture
Shear-Wave
Reflection
from Glass
Bottom
ON Fracture
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3D printed models
Prism B
VTI
51 mm
51 mm
Prism A
51 mm
HTI
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Hydraulic fracture model with horizontal well
Model PM 4 (real)
Model PM 4 (drawing)
Y
X
Z
Image patch of fracture in PM 3
(microscope)
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Future of Modeling with 3D printed material
Tilted fractures
Horizontal fracture
Vertical fractures
Combination of fracture systems
3D printed Material
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Halite Core from a salt dome.
101.6 mm
763mm
Core 2
Core 1
Core as it was delivered to AGL
This part of core was cut
for ultrasonic measurements
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Velocity of Compressional wave (Vp) and Shear wave (Vs)
along of axis of Salt core. Density.
Table 1. Results of three tests :
Velocity Vp and Vs, and Vp/Vs ratio
Test N
Vp, Km/s
Vs, km/s
Vp/Vs
1
4.512
2.611
1.728
2
4.532
2.624
1.728
3
4.521
2.609
1.733
4.522
2.615
1.729
Average
Ultrasonic transducers for P- and S-wave
Velocity measurements with central frequency 500 kHz
Density:
Core 1 – 2.124 g/ cm3
Core 2 – 2.054 g/ cm3
Ro of salt core – 2.09±0.04 g/ cm3
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Salt core in device for anisotropy measurement.
Salt core
Device
Angle meter
(Azimuth)
a) Front view
Salt core
Ultrasonic
transducers ,
Used Shear wave
transducers – 0.5 MHz
central frequency
b) Top view
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Azimuthal velocity of Compressional (Vp1) and Shear (Vs1) waves for section 1 of salt core-2
Azimuth was taken a confidential.
Vp
Vs
0
4.6
Velocity, km/s
4.4
330
Vp1 av
30
300
2.7
2.6
60
0
330
Vs
30
300
60
2.5
4.2
270
90
2.4 270
90
4.2
2.5
4.4
4.6
240
120
2.6
210
150
2.7
180
240
120
210
150
180
Section 1
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Pressure dependent velocity (Vp and Vs) measurement within sample of core 2
(De-hua-Han Rock Physics Lab, UH, AGL)
Halite cylindrical sample
(D=36.84mm, L=50.36mm)
Vp
Vs
Vp and Vs of Salt core 2 under Confining pressure
Vp/Vs versus confining pressure
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Conclusions:
 AGL physical modeling Laboratory has 3 Ultrasonic research systems:
a) Marine, b) Land, c) Ultrasonic measurement system.
 They are used for modeling seismic survey, microseismic monitoring tests,
time-lapse seismic, and characterization of rocks and material elastic
properties.
 Seismic physical modeling solve the geophysical problems in more
economical and fast way.
 Study properties of rocks support in interpreting field data
 3D printing material gives new opportunity for physical modeling of reservoir
or rocks containing tectonic or hydraulic fractures in anisotropic medium.
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Students of AGL
Dr. Peter Copeland
Mr. Jose Baez-Franceschi
Dr. De-hua Han
Mr. Q. Yao
Mr. F. Yan
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