Transcript Atom
Catalyst – October 0 235 , Monday Mystery Element! Shhhh! 1. 2. 3. Has ten natural isotopes Symbol from Latin stannum Identified and used in ancient times 2012 Tin has 10 natural isotopes! Today’s Agenda Catalyst Welcome to Unit 3: Your Best Friends in Chemistry and New Groups Anticipation Guide and Theory Article Atomic Theory Notes Part 1 Exit Question HW: Complete Workbook Pages 45-46 + Facebook Challenge (if needed) 1st Period Projector Front Door Group 3 Group 2 Group 1 Elizabeth, Diamond, Catalina, Mike Ariel, Austin, Jaymes, Dominique Breon, Taylor, Kim, Courtney Group 5 Group 4 Aeshia, Tyler, Marsh, Anthony J Wayne, Victor, Kabriea, Jonathan Group 9 Group 8 Group 7 Lashondara, Anthonie T., Byrione Kaeli, Sherman, Kayla Alber, Brandon, Deri’Nique, Jermicka Group 6 Chance, Daryl, Cadesha, Victoria 2nd Period Projector Front Door Group 3 Group 2 Group 1 Mattie, Mario, Fredericka, Tyrone Dinera, Brandon, Dijonissa, Hailey Tiquan, Sidney, Kayla, Brittany K. Group 6 Shamar, Juwan, Taylor, Brittany P. Group 5 Allena, Miguel, Terrence C., Darnell P. Group 4 Quevonda, Lloyd, Cameron Group 9 Group 8 Group 7 Jacob, Derian, Elbrisha Aracely, Carmelita, Rhema Darnell J., Kaitlynne, Ro, Terrance H. 4th Period Projector Front Door Group 3 Group 2 Group 1 Katelynn, Kristin, James, Dallas Corey, Lilly, Justin, Hunter Ernijah, Raymond, Kristy, Gledys Group 6 Group 5 Group 4 Brielle, Ciera, Kerris, Chloe Ari, Maya, Branden, Cabrina Troneisha, Anthony, Terri, Brittany Group 9 Group 8 Group 7 Kevin, Cabrina, Deriesha Jasmine H., George, Jarrell, Jasmin G. Nikko, Tracy, Huy Today’s Objectives SWBAT describe and differentiate between theories and laws. SWBAT describe and trace the evolution of atomic theory from 420 B.C. to 1808. Meet your new BEST FRIENDS!!!! LESSON TITLE: THEORIES, LAWS, AND ATOMIC THEORY PART 1 Anticipation Guide (10-15 min) Before reading the entire article, mark if you agree or disagree with each. After reading the entire article, fill in the paragraph number where you found the answer to each statement. Reflection: Were you correct or not? What did you learn? What is a scientific theory? Key Point #1: A scientific theory is a well-tested explanation for a braod set of observations Higher level than hypothesis (more tests) Can be or may need to be changed in the future Some Common Theories Theory of Evolution Theory of Plate Tectonics Germ Theory of Disease How is a THEORY different from a CONCLUSION or HYPOTHESIS? THEORY Explanation supported by many, many experiments MORE THAN ONE SCIENTIST Takes time! What is a scientific law? Key Point #2: A scientific law is a concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments. Laws aren’t long explanations (that’s what theories are for!) Some Common Laws Kepler’s Law of Planetary Motion Law of Gravity Law of Conservation of Matter Acceptance of Scientific Discovery The Long Version Use the following rules of evidence to examine experimental results: A. Can an expert's technique or theory be tested, has it been tested, or is it simply a subjective, conclusive approach that cannot be reasonably assessed for reliability? B. Has the technique or theory been subjected to peer review and publication? C. What is the known or potential rate of error of the technique or theory when applied? D. Were standards and controls applied and maintained? E. Has the technique or theory been generally accepted in the scientific community? Acceptance of Scientific Discovery “Cliff’s Notes” Use the following rules of evidence to examine experimental results: A. Has it been adequately tested? B. Has peer review occurred? C. What kind of error does it have? D. Were there standards or control groups? E. Has it been accepted by scientific community? What is an atom? Atom: the smallest particle of an element that retains (keeps) its identity in a chemical reaction Well then, what is an element? NOT THIS KIND OF ELEMENT!!! Well then, what is an element? NOT THIS KIND OF ELEMENT!!! Well then, what is an element? Element: the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties; an element cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means THESE KINDS OF ELEMENTS Major Playas of Atomic Theory Democritus (460-370 B.C.) John Dalton (1808) J.J. Thomson (1897) Ernest Rutherford (1909) Niels Bohr (1913) Schrodinger (1924) Acceptance of Scientific Discovery “Cliff’s Notes” Use the following rules of evidence to examine experimental results: A. Has it been adequately tested? B. Has peer review occurred? C. What kind of error does it have? D. Were there standards or control groups? E. Has it been accepted by scientific community? Democritus (460-370 B.C.) Experiment: Observations and inferences No REAL experiment…just IDEAS Where: Greece When: 420 B.C. First “theory” of the atom What were Democritus’ conclusions? •Matter is composed of tiny particles called atomos •Different kinds of particles have different sizes and shapes •Atoms are indivisible and indestructible In the beginning… Around 420 B.C. Democritus, a Greek philosopher, was the first to think of the idea of atoms A philosopher is a thinker Around the same time Aristotle, a more famous philosopher, proposed a different idea In the beginning… Aristotle gave us this quote… “We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, therefore, is not an act but a habit.” Among other things… He challenged the ideas of Democritus He did not think the “nothingness” of empty space could exist Questions to Ponder… Why was Democritus’ idea not a VALID theory? John Dalton (1766-1844) •Experiment: Careful chemical measurements •Where: England •When: 1808 Dalton’s Postulates (in textbook) In 1808, John Dalton came up with the first atomic theory that was based on scientific research. It stated: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. All matter is made of atoms. Atoms are indivisible and indestructible. All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms. A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms. What were Dalton’s conclusions? Atoms are hard, round, solid balls. They are similar to marbles. Questions to Ponder… Why would people believe John Dalton and not Democritus? What makes John Dalton’s ideas about the atom more of a valid theory than the ideas of Democritus? Facebook Challenge Pretend you are Dalton and write a message to Democritus Include 3 facts about each of your theories and tell Democritus why your theory is better than his! Exit Question 1. 2. What is one difference between a theory and a law? Describe why Dalton’s atomic theory was more valid than Democritus’? HW: Complete Workbook Pages 45-46 + Facebook Challenge (if needed) Exit Question 1. 2. What is one difference between a theory and a law? Describe why Dalton’s atomic theory was more valid than Democritus’? Honors HW: Complete Workbook Pages 44-46