Transcript Chem Notes

• Chem1 - Atomic Theory
• Lesson: Brownian Milk
•
Explain what atomic theory attempts to describe
•
Summarize the development of Atomic Theory
•
Connect observations made while mixing water and
•
ethanol with Atomic Theory
•
Connect obervations of Brownian Motion to Atomic
•
Theory
Chem6: I can use indirect observations to formulate logical inferences.
LESSON: In the Know & Brownian Milk
- make or identify indirect observations
- differentiate between observation and inference
- discuss the role of observation and inference in the development of
scientific theory.
- formulate a logical inference supported by observations.
About 500 BC
- Leucippus and Democritus
- atomos: tiny particles make up all mater
- Plato and Aristotle
- no particles
- 4 elements: fire, earth, air and water
- their ideas prevailed because they had more influence at the time
Scientific Revolution 1450-1850
- increased in evidence-based conclusions
- development of Atomic Theory
- Lavoisier - LOCM 1700s
- Robert Brown - Brownian Motion 1827
- John Dalton early 1800s
- Rutherford earth 1900s
•
•
•
If the “plum-pudding” model of atomic structure was accurate, what would
be observed when
alpha particles (+ charge) were directed at a thin sheet of gold foil?
•
•
•
•
Rutherford’s results lead to the development of Nuclear Theory:
most of the atom’s mass, and all of its positive charge is concentrated in a
small core called
•
the nucleus
•
•
•
•
•
Most of the volume of the atom is empty space, throughout which tiny,
negatively charged
electrons are dispersed
There are as many negatively charged electrons outside the nucleus as
there are positively
•
•
charged particles within the nucleus, thus the atom is electrically
neutral.
Did you volunteer at the Science Circus?
1. When were you there? Days/times/hours?
2. What did you do while there?
3. Who did you work with?
LOCM Data Analysis
1. Keep the LOCM in mind during analysis.
2. Do these results align with the LOCM?
- error??
3. What do you think this lab activity is supposed to demonstrate?
4. Provide quantitative information for comparing Trial 1 to Trial 2.
- balloon vs. no balloon (What was the purpose of the balloon?)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Chem 9 - I can describe evidence that
supports the Law
of Conservation of Matter/Mass.
Lesson: As a Matter of Fact - Matter can’t be created or destroyed
Summarize the Law of Conservation of Matter and provide evidence to support it.
Define Matter and Mass
Balance a chemical equation
Explain how mass is conserved during a chemical reaction
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Chem 2 - Bohr Modeling
Lesson: Periodic Table - Big Blue
Identify an element represented by a Bohr model
atomic mass)
Describe what the components of a Bohr Model represent
Create a Bohr model for elements 1-20
Describe the limitations of the Bohr Model
Chem 3 - Quantify Elements
Lesson: Periodic Table - Big Blue
identify the correct number of protons for an element
identify the correct number of electrons for an element
identify the correct number of neutrons for an element
identify and use basic trends from the periodic table
Chem8 - Bonding
Lesson: Why do atoms bond? (and questions 1-3 from periodic table)
define or identify valence shell and valence electrons
Define covalent bond (between two non-metals)
explain why bonding increases stability
identify what elements tend to form bonds based on their location on
the periodic table
•
Chem5 - Molecular Models
•
Lesson: Dots, Tinker Toys and Other Fun Stuff - How are molecules modeled?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Derive the molecular formula of a molecule based on a model of the compound or its
structural formula
structural formula
Model a compound based on its molecular formula
Model a compound based on its molecular formula
Model a chemical change
Model a chemical change
Model a physical change
Model a physical change
Molecule: Two or more atoms joined chemically in a specific geometrical arrangement.
Molecular formula: a chemical formula that shows the actual number of each element in a
molecule or compound
Structural Formula: a molecular formula that shows how the atoms in a molecule are
connected or bonded to eachothe
r.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Chem 7
Lesson: Recognizing Chemical Change
Define chemical and physical change
List indicators of chemical change
Differentiate between a chemical and physical change
Represent a chemical or physical change using a chemical
equation.
• Chem 10
• Lesson: Too Hot....Too Cold....Just Right
•
Define/describe diffusion
•
Describe the relationship between temperature and
•
reaction rate
•
Explain, on the atomic/molecular level, why
•
temperature affects the
•
rate of chemical reaction.
•
Discuss how diffusion relates to reaction rate.
• Chem 11: I can demonstate the conversion of chemical
• potential energy (CPE) to kinetic energy (KE).
• Lesson: Lots of Potential
•
Define/describe CPE and TKE
•
Explain how CPE can be transferred to KE
•
Calculate the % energy transfer from CPE to KE
•
Describe the theory behind measuring CPE with
•
watercalorimetry.