Transcript atoms of different elements differ in size, mass, and other

Day 2 11-3
1. What is an atom made of?
Day 2 11-3
Take test.
Finish and hand in Postlab.
Find something quiet to work on.
1. Calculate and record your test percentage (I’m
handing them back).
2. Did you meet your goal? WHY or WHY not?
(assess and reflect on your preparation).
3. Study (preparation) Plan for next test?
4. Set a new goal:
IF you did not meet your goal it stays the same as
last time.
IF you met your goal you must improve by at least
one point
Day 3 11-4
What does the inside of an
atom look like, and how do
we know?
Day 3 11-4
1. Brainstorm with your discussion
partner: everything you know about
an atom.
2. Look up the definition in the back of
the book, and record it
3. Draw an atom of hydrogen. Draw an
atom of oxygen. (There is no wrong
answer at this time… Draw
something!)
1.What do you know?
2. Definition = …
3.
hydrogen
protons neutrons electrons
8
8
8
Proton (+)
Nucleus
ATOM
Neutron (0)
Electron (-)
When and Why do we
use models?
In chemistry:
Read pages 102-104 AND
answer #s 1-4 on page
104
I.
Early Greeks
• Everything is made
of 4 elements:
_______________,
Earth
_______________,
Fire
_______________,
Air
and
_______________.
Water
• These combine
and interact to
make everything.
The Atom in Ancient Greece
Continuous matter – accepted
for nearly 200 years
-Aristotle & Plato
400 B.C. Basic particle = an
atom – “indivisible”
-Democritus
IV. Sparks of Knowledge - 1700’s
Benjamin Franklin
lightning is
Demonstrated that _______________
electrical and that objects can have
_______________
positive
negative
_______________
or _______________
charge.
IV.
Sparks of Knowledge - 1700’s
• Law of conservation of matter states that
during any ________
chemical or _________
physical
process, matter is neither _______
created nor
________
destroyed
• In a reaction, the mass of the reactants
___________
E Q U A L S the mass of the products.
IV. Sparks of Knowledge - 1700’s
Joseph Proust
• Developed the law of definite proportions
or constant composition which
states that the mass
_____ ratio of elements in a
the same
compound is always _________.
• Examples:
Water
1g H : 8g O
Carbon Dioxide 3g C : 8g O
Lasting Laws
Law of Conservation of Mass – Mass
is neither destroyed nor created
Reactantsmass = Productsmass
Law of Definite Proportions – A
chemical compound contains the
same elements in exactly the same
proportions by mass regardless of
the size of the sample
Read pages 87– 88 Law of Definite
Proportions and try practice
problems 19-21 on page 88.
Read pages 102 – 105 Early Ideas
About Matter and complete #s 1-4
on page 105.
After the Greeks, Before 1600… Alchemists
• Conducted ___________.
experiments
• Established standard lab
___________.
techniques
• Developed __________.
medicines
• Created lab apparatus
_________.
• Tried to change ____
lead into
____ through
gold
transmutation
11-6
Read and record the quote below. Then reflect
in any way you see fit (doesn’t have to relate
to chem. or science). Where / when do you
feel the “will to win and excel”?
The spirit, the will to win, and the will to excel
are things that endure. These qualities are so
much more important than events."
--VINCE LOMBARDI,
HALL OF FAME FOOTBALL COACH
Alchemist
Catalyst
Law of Definite Proportions
Exothermic reaction
Democritus
Law of conservation of mass
Electron
Philosopher’s stone
Precipitate
Gold
Reactantsmass = Productsmass
11-9
1. EVERYONE get your lab paper out If
you were here Friday, review your
goal for lab.
What is the law of definite proportions?
Why does it apply to compounds and
not homogeneous mixtures?
11-10
1. True / False? An atom can be thought of as
the smallest piece of an element or
compound that retains the identity and
properties of that element or compound.
2. Protons are found in the ___ & have a ___
charge.
3. Thomson’s plum pudding model was the
first to show ___.
4. Why does the law of definite proportions
apply to compounds and not homogeneous
mixtures?
Read 106-114 AND complete the
section assessment on page
114 #s 7-11 – Due Tuesday
Early Scientists - 1600’s
Robert Boyle
• One of the first scientists to
rely on ____________
experiments to gain
new ___________.
knowledge
• Founder of the
________________
Scientific
Method
• Boyle’s Law relates
________ to the
pressure
_______ of a gas
____.
volume
Early Scientists - 1600’s
Sir Isaac Newton
Laws of motion
Developed __________________
Newton’s Cradle
Dalton’s Atomic Theory (1800s):
Modern Atomic Theory:
1. All matter is composed of
extremely small particles called
atoms.
1. All matter is composed of
extremely small particles
called atoms.
2. Atoms of a given element are
identical in size, mass, and
other properties; atoms of
different elements differ in size,
mass, and other properties.
2. A GIVEN ELEMENT CAN
HAVE ATOMS WITH
DIFFERENT MASSES
3. Atoms cannot be subdivided,
created, or destroyed.
4. Atoms of different elements
combine in simple wholenumbered ratios to form
chemical compounds.
5. In chemical reactions, atoms
are combined, separated, or
rearranged.
3. ATOMS ARE DIVISIBLE
INTO EVEN SMALLER
PARTICLES.
4. Atoms of different elements
combine in simple wholenumbered ratios to form
chemical compounds.
5. In chemical reactions,
atoms are combined,
separated, or rearranged.
Dalton’s Atomic Modern Atomic
Theory (1800s): Theory:
1.All matter is
composed of
extremely small
particles called
atoms.
1.All matter is
composed of
extremely
small
particles
called atoms.
Dalton’s Atomic
Theory (1800s):
Modern
Atomic
Theory:
2.Atoms of a given
element are identical 2.A GIVEN
in size, mass, and
ELEMENT
other properties;
CAN HAVE
atoms of different
ATOMS
elements differ in
WITH
size, mass, and
DIFFERENT
other properties.
MASSES
Dalton’s Atomic Modern Atomic
Theory (1800s): Theory:
3.Atoms cannot
be subdivided,
created, or
destroyed.
3.ATOMS ARE
DIVISIBLE
INTO EVEN
SMALLER
PARTICLES.
Dalton’s Atomic
Theory (1800s):
Modern Atomic
Theory:
4.Atoms of
4.Atoms of
different
different
elements
elements
combine in
combine in
simple wholesimple wholenumbered ratios numbered ratios
to form chemical to form
compounds.
chemical coms.
Dalton’s Atomic Modern Atomic
Theory (1800s): Theory:
5. In chemical
reactions,
atoms are
combined,
separated, or
rearranged.
5. In chemical
reactions,
atoms are
combined,
separated, or
rearranged.
Read 106-114 AND complete the
section assessment on page
114 #s 7-11 – Due Tuesday
11-5
1. What is an atom?
2. Why do we use models in Chem.?
What is the law of definite proportions?
Why does it apply to compounds and
not homogeneous mixtures?
__________(_)
Nucleus
ATOM
___________(_)
___________(_)
Dalton’s Atomic Theory (1800s):
Modern Atomic Theory:
1. All matter is _________________
1. All matter is composed of
extremely small particles
called atoms.
___________________________
___________________________.
2. Atoms of a given element are
identical in size, mass, and other
properties; atoms of different
elements differ in size, mass, and
other properties.
3. Atoms cannot be subdivided,
created, or destroyed.
2. A GIVEN ELEMENT CAN
HAVE ATOMS WITH
DIFFERENT _____________.
3. ATOMS ARE _____________
INTO EVEN SMALLER
PARTICLES.
4. Atoms of different elements
combine in simple wholenumbered ratios to form
chemical compounds.
4. Atoms of different elements
combine in simple wholenumbered ratios to form
5. In chemical reactions, atoms
___________________________.
are _____________________
5. In chemical reactions, atoms are
_______________________.
___________________________