Transcript TO DO - Physics

Objective: Introduce Elements
A) Elements
1) All things are composed of atoms.
2) The elements include 112 different
types of atoms, 88 occur naturally.
3) 90% of all atoms are hydrogen.
4) Hydrogen atoms are the remnant of
stars that exploded.
5) Complex atoms are formed in stars.
Objective: Introduce Elements
A) Elements (Cont.)
6) Living things are made of H, N, O, C.
7) Atoms are ageless.
8) Atoms are smaller than visible light.
9) Brownian motion
10) Atoms consist of protons, neutrons,
and electrons.
Objective: To see how the Thompson Experiment
determined the mass and charge of an
electron.
B) Thomson Experiment.
1) Vacuum tube was invented near the time
that Benjamin Franklin began experiments
with electricity, a.k.a. Cathode Ray Tube.
2) Rays were seen when a vacuum tube was
connected to electrical current on the ends.
3) The rays would bend when an electric field
was placed nearby. The bending was based
on the mass of the particles and the charge.
4) Later determined that the particles were
electrons.
Objective: To determine how the Millikan
Experiment determined the mass of an
electron.
C) Millikan Experiment.
1) Sprayed tiny particles of oil into an
electric field.
2) The particles would float and
because they did he was able to
determine their mass and charge.
3) Later determined that the particles
were electrons.
D) The electron.
1) Mass: 9.1 * 10 -31 kg
2) Negatively charged
3) Located on the outer edges of an
atom.
4) Electrons helped determine the
properties of the material
a) chemical reactivity
b) physical properties (taste, color)
H) Electromagnetic Spectrum.
1) Energy released as waves makes up
the electromagnetic spectrum.
2) Electrons that move closer to the
nucleus release energy in the form of
waves.
3) Electrons require energy to move
away from the nucleus of an atom.
4) The different amounts of energy are
based on how far or close they move.
H) Electromagnetic Spectrum
Photon energy:
Q 1 - Q2
Lower energy state: Q2
Higher energy state: Q1
H) Electromagnetic Spectrum
1) Waves
H) Electromagnetic Spectrum.
Low Energy
High Energy
(See handout)
H) Electromagnetic Spectrum:
6) Visable light portion
H) Electromagnetic Spectrum
5) Comparisons (continued)
H) Electromagnetic Spectrum
5) Comparisons
I) Atomic Spectrum.
1) The electrons in
each atom are
arranged differently.
2) When the
electrons move they
emit energy in the
form of different
colors of light.
3) Each atom has
unique color
combination.
Sun Light Spectrum vs.
Hydrogen Spectrum
Light from the sun or a light bulb has
a continuous spectrum
Light from Hydrogen gas has a
discrete (non-continuous) spectrum
I) Atomic Spectrum (cont.)
Each shell can be
represented as a layer
that an electron can fall.
Examples
of
emissions
from
specific
atoms
The Periodic Table
The periodic table is read from top to bottom, left to right, as
atomic number increases: 1=H, 2=He, 3=Li, 4=Be, 5=B, 6=C,
and so on.
The Periodic
Table
alkali
earths
Elements in columns (groups)
have similar
outer-electron configurations,
and so tend to behave similarly.
transition metals
halogens
rare
earths
noble gases
actinides