Transcript 2.7 Periodic table and e config

Catalyst – February
1.
2.
3.
100000
,
2
10
2.010 * 103
Draw the Bohr model for
Aluminum.
Draw the Bohr model for Boron.
What similarities do these two
elements have?
Which Atom am I?
Ca
P
N
Which Atom am I?
Ne
P
N
Which Atom am I?
O
P
N
Which Atom am I?
B
P
N
Which Atom am I?
Si
P
N
Find the atomic number of this element
Periodic Table Basics
You are about to begin a journey to find the
secrets of the Periodic Table
The Periodic Table is a majestic tool used by
scientists all over the world
Are you ready?
Let’s go.
The Periodic Table
Key Point #1: The periodic table organizes
the elements into many different groups
based on physical and chemical properties.

We will learn about the major ways to group the
elements – by…
 Family
 Metals/metalloids/nonmetals
 Valence
Electrons
 Atomic size
 Electronegativity
What does PERIODIC mean?
Key Point #2: Periodic means that there
is some kind of pattern.
In the Periodic Table, there are numerous
patterns
 What about in regular life? How could you
group the following items in different ways?

Periodic Law

Periodic Law is the statement that there is
a periodic (patterned) repetition of
chemical and physical properties of the
elements when they are arranged in
increasing atomic number
Periodic Table Basics
Vertical columns on the periodic
table are called groups
 Horizontal rows on the periodic
table are called periods

Elements are in order of atomic number
 Elements are grouped according to electron
configuration

Metal, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metals





Are good conductors of
electricity and heat
Are shiny (have luster)
Are malleable (can be beaten
into thin sheets)
Are ductile (can be stretched
into wire)
Solid at room temp (except Hg)
Nonmetals





Are bad conductors of
electricity and heat
No Luster
Are brittle (break easily)
Nonductile
Solid, liquid, and gas at
room temperature
•Metalloids are elements that have properties that are
in between metals and nonmetals.
Metals vs. Nonmetals

Based on your real life experience label the
following as metals or nonmetals
 Copper
 Oxygen
 Silver
 Neon
 Gold
 Helium
 Platinum
 Carbon
 Iron
(graphite, diamonds)
Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals
Metal vs. Nonmetals

Two parents are designing a
child’s room. They know that
children are very curious and want
to touch everything, including the
heating vent. The vent is currently
made of iron, which of the
following elements should the
parents use to remake the vent so
it does not conduct heat well?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Silver
Zinc
Calcium
Carbon
Chromium

An electrician ran out of wire
and needs to buy some more
to finish the electrical circuits
in a home. At the store he has
the choice of buying the
following elements. Which
should he buy?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Carbon
Hydrogen
Fluorine
Gold
Sulfur
Major
Families
Alkali Metals
Noble Gases
Halogens
Alkaline Earth Metals
H
He
Be
Transition Metals
Lanthanides Ce
Actininides
Th
B
C
N
O F
Notice any trends???
Look at your Bohr models for the
first 20 elements
 What trends (patterns or similarities)
do you notice along the periodic
table?

Schrödinger Equation and Atomic
Orbitals
Key Point #3: There are 4 atomic
orbitals…
s
p
d
f
A Saying to Remember the Four
Atomic Orbitals
some pirates die fiercely!
The s Orbital
One s orbital in each energy level
The s orbital is shaped like a sphere
The p Orbital
Three p orbitals in each energy level
(starting in the 2nd energy level!)
Shape looks like dumbells or bowties
p and s Orbitals Side by Side
The d orbital
Five d orbitals
Start in the 3rd
energy level!
Shape looks like
eggs or flowers
The f orbital

Seven f orbitals - start in 4th energy level
Electron Configuration


Knowing where electrons are in an atom helps us
determine how that atom will behave in a chemical
reaction
We write electron configurations for atoms of each
element to help us map out the electrons
2
1s
Large number= energy level
Small number
=Number of
electrons
Letter=orbital
Electron Configuration
1s2



Large number = energy level
Letter = atomic orbital
Superscript (small) number = number of electrons
in atomic orbital
Figure it out yourself!! (15 mins)








Look at the table that has 1s, 2s, 2p on your notes sheet.
Here I have put a couple electron configurations. See if you
can figure out how to do the last two.
Mg-1s22s22p63s2
Ne- 1s22s22p6
Si- 1s22s22p63s23p2
K- 1s22s22p63s23p64s1
SB-
N–
Electron Configuration
2
1s
N–
Electron Configuration
2
2
1s 2s
N–
Electron Configuration
2
2
3
1s 2s 2p
N–
Electron Configuration
2
2
3
1s 2s 2p
= 7 e-
Na –
Electron Configuration
2
1s
Na –
Electron Configuration
2
2
1s 2s
Na –
Electron Configuration
2
2
6
1s 2s 2p
Na –
Electron Configuration
2
2
6
1
1s 2s 2p 3s
= 11 e-
Electron Configuration
Be:
Ne:
Br:
Electron Configuration
Be:
2
2
1s 2s
Ne:
2
2
6
1s 2s 2p
Br:
2
2
6
2
6
2
10
5
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p
Exit Question

Write the electron configuration for the following 2
elements:

Manganese

Fluorine
Exit Question
1.
2.
3.
Draw the Bohr model for Lithium (Li).
is the periodic table called the
“periodic” table?
What family/group is your project
element in? How many valence
electrons does it have?
Homework: Quiz 2.1 Tracking, Periodic
Table Assignment, Work on Project