Transcript Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules and Ions Chemistry: The Central Science

Chemistry: The Central Science, 10th edition
Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten
Chapter 2
Atoms, Molecules and Ions
a.
1. the law of conservation of matter
2. the law of multiple proportions
3. the law of constant composition
4. the law of conservation of grams
a.
1. the law of conservation of matter
2. the law of multiple proportions
3. the law of constant composition
4. the law of conservation of grams
b.
1.
The second compound must have twice as many oxygen
atoms per carbon atom as the first compound.
2.
The second compound must have half as many oxygen atoms
per carbon atom as the first compound.
3.
The second compound contains half as many carbon atoms as
the first compound.
4.
The first compound contains half as many carbon atoms as
the second compound.
b.
1.
The second compound must have twice as many oxygen
atoms per carbon atom as the first compound.
2.
The second compound must have half as many oxygen atoms
per carbon atom as the first compound.
3.
The second compound contains half as many carbon atoms as
the first compound.
4.
The first compound contains half as many carbon atoms as
the second compound.
1.
2.
3.
4.
 particles are scattered equally across a range of deflection
angles due to the high density of the foil nuclei.
Most  particles pass through the foil without being deflected
because most of the volume of the atoms that comprise the
foil is empty space.
Most  particles are scattered at acute angles as they pass
close to the foil nuclei.
Most  particles are deflected in a backwards direction from
the foil due to the high density of the foil atom nuclei.
1.
2.
3.
4.
 particles are scattered equally across a range of deflection
angles due to the high density of the foil nuclei.
Most  particles pass through the foil without being deflected
because most of the volume of the atoms that comprise the
foil is empty space.
Most  particles are scattered at acute angles as they pass
close to the foil nuclei.
Most  particles are deflected in a backwards direction from
the foil due to the high density of the foil atom nuclei.
a.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cannot determine number of electrons without
additional information.
The atom has 30 electrons.
The atoms has 15 electrons.
The atom has no electrons unless it is charged.
a.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cannot determine number of electrons without
additional information.
The atom has 30 electrons.
The atoms has 15 electrons.
The atom has no electrons unless it is charged.
b.
1.
2.
3.
4.
The protons reside in the nucleus of the atom.
The protons are evenly distributed throughout the atom.
The protons are dispersed with the electrons around the
nucleus.
The protons reside in a shell just outside the nucleus.
b.
1.
2.
3.
4.
The protons reside in the nucleus of the atom.
The protons are evenly distributed throughout the atom.
The protons are dispersed with the electrons around the
nucleus.
The protons reside in a shell just outside the nucleus.
1.
2.
3.
4.
The 52.94 amu value and the 51.99 amu value represent
two different isotopes of chromium.
The atomic weight of chromium is less than the mass of
the specific chromium atom since atomic weights are
used to describe neutral atoms.
The atomic weight of 51.99 amu is for a different isotope
than the 52.94 amu mass.
The atomic weight of chromium (51.99 amu) is an
average atomic mass of all the naturallyoccurring
isotopes of chromium.
1.
2.
3.
4.
The 52.94 amu value and the 51.99 amu value represent
two different isotopes of chromium.
The atomic weight of chromium is less than the mass of
the specific chromium atom since atomic weights are
used to describe neutral atoms.
The atomic weight of 51.99 amu is for a different isotope
than the 52.94 amu mass.
The atomic weight of chromium (51.99 amu) is an
average atomic mass of all the naturallyoccurring
isotopes of chromium.
a.
1.
2.
3.
4.
C
Cr
Cl
Co
a.
1.
2.
3.
4.
C
Cr
Cl
Co
b.
1.
2.
3.
4.
3rd and Group VIIA
2nd and Group VIA
2nd and Group VA
3rd and Group VIIIA
b.
1.
2.
3.
4.
3rd and Group VIIA
2nd and Group VIA
2nd and Group VA
3rd and Group VIIIA
c.
1.
2.
3.
13
19
17
4.
27
c.
1.
2.
3.
4.
13
19
17
27
d.
1.
metal
2.
nonmetal
d.
1.
metal
2.
nonmetal
a.
1.
2.
3.
4.
CH
CH3
CH6
C2H6
a.
1.
2.
3.
4.
CH
CH3
CH6
C2H6
b.
1.
2.
3.
4.
CH
CH3
C2H2
CH6
b.
1.
2.
3.
4.
CH
CH3
C2H2
CH6
c.
1.
2.
3.
4.
perspective model
visual depth model
ball and stick model
space-filling model
c.
1.
2.
3.
4.
perspective model
visual depth model
ball and stick model
space-filling model
1.
2.
3.
4.
The formula for calcium oxide is actually Ca2O.
The number of Ca2+ ions paired with O2– ions in a
compound can vary.
Two Ca2+ ions can never be found in nature with an O2–
ion.
We write empirical formulas for ionic compounds.
1.
2.
3.
4.
The formula for calcium oxide is actually Ca2O.
The number of Ca2+ ions paired with O2– ions in a
compound can vary.
Two Ca2+ ions can never be found in nature with an O2–
ion.
We write empirical formulas for ionic compounds.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Calcium only appears as a 2+ ion in ionic compounds
and hence needs no Roman numeral.
Roman numerals are always optional after the metal in
ionic compounds.
Calcium oxide should also be named with a Roman
numeral (II) after calcium.
Transition metals always require Roman numerals when
in ionic compound names.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Calcium only appears as a 2+ ion in ionic compounds
and hence needs no Roman numeral.
Roman numerals are always optional after the metal in
ionic compounds.
Calcium oxide should also be named with a Roman
numeral (II) after calcium.
Transition metals always require Roman numerals when
in ionic compound names.
1.
2.
3.
4.
All three suffixes relate to the number of oxygens in an
anion.
-ide is typically used for 1-anions, while -ate and -ite are
for 2- and 3-anions respectively.
-ide usually means monoatomic anion and -ate and -ite
signify differing numbers of oxygens in oxyanions.
(-ite anions have one less O atom than -ate anions)
-ide, -ate, and -ite convey information about the
acid/base characteristics of anions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
All three suffixes relate to the number of oxygens in an
anion.
-ide is typically used for 1-anions, while -ate and -ite are
for 2- and 3-anions respectively.
-ide usually means monoatomic anion and -ate and -ite
signify differing numbers of oxygens in oxyanions.
(-ite anions have one less O atom than -ate anions)
-ide, -ate, and -ite convey information about the
acid/base characteristics of anions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
BO44– and SiO33–
BO33– and SiO44–
BO43– and SiO34–
BO34– and SiO43–
1.
2.
3.
4.
BO44– and SiO33–
BO33– and SiO44–
BO43– and SiO34–
BO34– and SiO43–