Transcript Metals and nonmetals - La Quinta High School

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Period 5
Group #2
Two atoms are walking down the street.
Says one atom to the other, "Hey! I think lost an
electron!"
The other says, "Are you sure??"
"Yes, I'm positive!“
A small piece of ice which lived in a test tube fell in
love with a Bunsen burner. "Bunsen! my flame! I
melt whenever I see you" said the ice. The Bunsen
burner replied :"It's just a phase you're going
through".
A. Electron Arrangements in the first 18
Atoms on the Periodic Table
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Electron configuration: arrangement of electrons in an atom.
Orbital diagram: represent the configuration.
Box diagram: orbitals = boxes grouped by sublevels with
arrows that show direction the electron spins & indicates the
electron.
Valance electrons: outermost electrons in atoms
Core electrons: innermost electrons (closest to the nucleus).
A. Electron Arrangements in the first
18 Atoms on the Periodic Table
Example: What is
an orbital diagram
also called?
B. Electron Configuration and
the Periodic Table
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Atomic energy levels are broken down into principal level
(n) which contains various number of sublevels
Wave mechanical model-atoms arranged in orbitals (2
electrons each)
Valence electron configuration recur going from one
level to another
To find the electron configuration for an element: put
electrons starting from lowest energy level (s) and fill up
each orbital according to the periodic table until there are
no more electrons
Ex. What is the orbital shape for Lanthanides? F
B. Electron Configuration and
the Periodic Table
C. Atomic Properties and the
Periodic Table
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Science based on observed properties of
substances
Observation remains the same but theories
change as we gain better understanding
Ex. Why do theories change over time?
D. Metals and Nonmetals
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Metals: tend to lose electrons to form positive ions,
lustrous appearance, ability to change shape without
breaking and conduct heat and electricity (left of table)
Nonmetals: gain electrons to form negative ions; some
can conduct electricity (right of table)
Metalloids (semimetals): exhibits both metallic and
nonmetallic traits
Ex. What kind of ions do metals and nonmetals form?
Metals and nonmetals
Atomic size and ionization energy
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Atomic size increases as it goes down a group and
decreases across the periodic table.
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Ionization energy: energy required to remove an
electron from the atom.
Ionization energy decreases down a group and
increases across the period.
Metals have low ionization energy level while
nonmetals have high ionization energy level.
Quiz: where will an element that has a high
ionization energy level be found.
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Atomic size and ionization energy
Quiz!
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1. What is the difference between valance electrons
and core electrons?
2. Which way does ionization energy generally go as
it moves down a group?
3. Write the electron configuration for Potassium.
4. What is the purpose of the wave mechanical
model?
5. Why do particular valence electron configurations
recur periodically?
Answer key
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1. Valence electrons are the outermost principal
energy level of an atom, while core electrons are the
innermost and are not involved in bonding atoms to
each other.
2. [Ar] 4s1
3. f
4. build up the atoms
5. Why do particular valence electron configurations
recur periodically?
References
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www.coolscience.org/coolscience/cooljokes/che
mjokes.htm
http://edusolution.com/regentsquiz/chemistry/qui
z/ques25.gif
www.mikeblaber.org/oldwine/chm1045/notes/Str
uct/EPeriod/Struct09.htm
http://media-2.web.britannica.com/ebmedia/39/7339-004-23335A52.gif
www.shodor.org/chemviz/ionization/students/bac
kground.html