Transcript Document

Noggin Knockers
The
Atom
200
400
Periodic Bonding ChemicalChemical Real
Table
FormulasReactions World
100
100
200
200
300
300
300
300
400
400
400
400
500
500
500
100
100
100
200
Final Jeopardy
300
The Atom for 100
A substance that cannot be broken down
into any other substance is called a(n)
_______________. The smallest particle of
this substance is called a(n) ____________.
Element
Smallest particle = atom
The Atom for 200
What is the greatest number of VALENCE
electrons an atom can have?
8 valence electrons
The Atom for 300
What’s the difference between a compound
and a mixture?
Compound- 2 or more different atoms
bonded together.
Mixture- several different substances in a
container that are NOT bonded together.
The Atom for 400
Where are the protons, neutrons, and
electrons located within an atom?
Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus.
Electrons are in a cloudlike region
outside of the nucleus.
The Atom for 500
Compare and contrast protons, neutrons,
and electrons in terms of their charge.
proton: +1 charge
neutron: 0 charge
electrons: -1 charge
The Periodic Table for 100
Each family or group in the periodic table
contains elements with similar properties
due to the number of _______________.
valence electrons
The Periodic Table for 200
When atoms of elements from Group 2
form ions, they tend to have what charge
and WHY?
+2 charge because they tend to lose 2
valence electrons so they have a filled
outer electron shell (with 8 valence
electrons)
The Periodic Table for 300
If atoms of group 6A (or 16) gain 2
electrons, then how many valence electrons
do they have and what charge do they have?
8 valence electrons with a –2 charge.
The Periodic Table
DAILY DOUBLE!!!
Determine the number of protons and
neutrons of the most common isotope of
lithium (atomic number = 3, average atomic
mass = 6.9 amu).
3 protons and 4 neutrons
The Periodic Table for 500
The atomic masses listed on the periodic
table are usually not whole numbers. For
example potassium’s atomic mass is 39.100
amu. Explain why this is the case.
The atomic masses on the periodic table
are the average masses of the naturally
occurring isotopes of that element.
Bonding for 100
The atomic particles involved in the
bonding between atoms are the
____________.
Valence electrons
Bonding for 200
What is a single bond?
1 pair of electrons shared between 2
atoms.
Bonding for 300
Identify the following compounds as an ionic or
molecular compound based upon the information
given: sodium chloride (NaCl)- melting point is
about 800oC, conducts electricity in water; waterboils at 100oC.
Sodium chloride is an ionic compound- it
contains a (+) and (-) ion plus it has a high
melting point.
Water is a molecular compound with its lower
boiling point. Molecular compounds have
weaker covalent bonds.
Bonding for 400
What’s the difference between a covalent and an
ionic bond? Be sure to give the overall charge of
an ionic compound in your answer!
In an ionic bond, a transfer of electrons occur
to form oppositely charged ions that are
attracted to each other and form an ionic
compound with a NEUTRAL CHARGE.
In a covalent bond, the electrons are shared
between the atoms, so each atom has 8 valence
electrons.
Bonding for 500
Explain why carbon monoxide (CO) is a
polar molecule while carbon dioxide (CO2)
is not.
The electrons are pulled more strongly by
the oxygen atoms in both molecules;
however, the oxygen atoms are pulling
the electrons in opposite directions in
CO2, so the forces cancel out and the
overall molecule is non-polar.
Chemical Formulas for 100
Ammonium chloride is represented as
NH4Cl, which is an example of a chemical
______________. This chemical is often
used in instant cold packs.
Formula
Chemical Formulas for 200
In a chemical formula the positive ion is
written ____________ (last, first, or in the
middle).
FIRST
Chemical Formulas for 300
Ammonia is an important substance for cleaning
and making other substances used in fertilizers
and cold packs. The chemical formula for
ammonia is NH3. What does the “3” tell you
about the compound?
There are 3 hydrogen atoms for every nitrogen
atom.
Chemical Formulas for 400
What are the names of the following compounds:
Na2O, Ba(NO3)2, and (NH4)2SO4?
Sodium oxide: Na2O
Barium nitrate: Ba(NO3)2
Ammonium sulfate: (NH4)2SO4
Chemical Formulas
DAILY DOUBLE!!!
Write the chemical formulas for barium
chloride and aluminum sulfate.
Barium chloride: BaCl2
Aluminum sulfate: Al2(SO4)3
Chemical Reactions for 100
When chemical bonds break and new bonds
form a chemical _______ takes place.
A chemical reaction
Chemical Reactions for 200
In a chemical equation, what is written on
the left side of the arrow and what is written
on the right side? Which one is present at
the end of the reaction?
Reactants (left), products (right)
Products- present after the reaction
Chemical Reactions for 300
What is the principle of the conservation of
mass?
Mass is not created or destroyed.
Chemical Reactions for 400
How many acetylene (C2H2) molecules and
oxygen gas (O2) molecules need to be present
for the following reaction (think ratios):
2C2H2 + 5O2  2H2O + 4CO2? This reaction
produces a fair amount of heat, so it is an
________________ change.
2 (C2H2) to 5 (O2); exothermic
Chemical Reactions for 500
Identify the type of reaction for each one below and
balance the first chemical equation:
C12H22O11  C + H2O
Cu + 2AgNO3  2Ag + Cu(NO3)2
4Fe + 3O2  2Fe2O3
CaCl2 + Na2CO3  CaCO3 + 2NaCl
C12H22O11  12C + 11H2O (decomposition)
Cu + 2AgNO3  2Ag + Cu(NO3)2 (single replacement)
4Fe + 3O2  2Fe2O3 (synthesis)
CaCl2 + Na2CO3  CaCO3 + 2NaCl (double replacement)
Real World for 100
As temperature ___________, the rate of a
chemical reaction usually increases (since
molecules are moving faster).
Increases
Real World for 200
In sawmills, fine sawdust particles float through
the air and fires can start easily. Explain why fires
can start so easily in a place like a sawmill. Also,
would there be a greater risk if there are more dust
particles in the air (greater concentration)?
All of the sawdust is spread out (greater surface
area), so the particles can more easily catch on
fire due to more oxygen gas being in contact
with them. Yes, a greater concentration speeds
up the combustion reaction.
Real World for 300
Salt is mostly sodium chloride, an ionic
compound. Will it conduct electricity when
melted or dissolved in water? Explain why or
why not.
Yes, the ions in that ionic compound break
apart so there are positive ions and negative
ions moving around in the water, so an
electric current can occur.
Real World for 400
What is the relationship between the pressure and
volume of a gas as well as between the
temperature and volume of a gas?
As pressure increases the volume of a gas
decreases (or vice-versa).
As temperature of gas increases, then the volume
increases.
Real World for 500
Describe solids, liquids, and gases in terms of their
shape, volume, and movement of their particles.
Solids- def. shape and volume, particle sjust
vibrate back and forth
Liquids- no def. shape, def. volume, particles roll
about freely
Gases- no def. shape or volume, particles move
randomly in all directions
Chemical Reactions
Write the balanced chemical equation for the
reaction of magnesium nitrate with potassium
carbonate to produce magnesium carbonate and
potassium nitrate.
Mg(NO3)2 + K2CO3  MgCO3 + 2KNO3