Transcript A Tour of the Cell - Ludlow Independent Schools

Chapter 6
A Tour of the Cell
“Faith is a fine
invention when
gentlemen can see,
but microscopes are
prudent in an
emergency.”
Emily Dickinson
Question ?
Can
cells be seen with the
naked eye?
Light Microscope - LM
Light Microscope
Occular Lens
Objective Lens
Stage with specimen
Light Source
Magnification
Resolution
Limitations - LM
Electron Microscopes
TEM
SEM
Advantages
Disadvantages
Transmission Electron
Microscope - TEM
TEM Limitations
Scanning Electron
Microscope - SEM
Excellent
views of surfaces.
Produces 3-D views.
Live specimens possible.
Limitations
Lower
magnifications than
the TEM.
Cell Biology or
Cytology
Cyto
= cell
- ology = study of
Should use observations
from several types of
microscopes to make a total
picture of how a cell is put
together.
Other Tools for
Cytology
Cell Fractionation
Cell Fractionation
Chromatography
Electrophoresis
History of Cells
History of Cells
1833
- Robert Brown,
discovered the nucleus.
1838 - M.J. Schleiden,
all plants are made of cells.
1839 - T. Schwann,
all animals are made of cells.
1840 - J.E. Purkinje, coined
the term “protoplasm”.
Cell Theory
R. Virchow
Types of Cells
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
–
-.
Both Have:
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Nucleus
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
Why Are Cells So Small?
Basic Cell Organization
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Membrane
Cytoplasm or Cytosol
Organelle
Organelles - function
You must be able to:
Nucleus
Structure
Nuclear Membrane
Nuclear Pores
Nucleolus
Chromatin
Chrom:
colored
- tin: threads
Nucleus - Function
Ribosomes
Subunits
Locations
Free
in the cytoplasm -.
Membrane
bound -
Endomembrane System
Endomembrane System
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Structure of ER
Types of ER
Smooth
Rough
ER:
ER:
Golgi Apparatus
Structure Has 2 Faces
Cis
face –
Trans
face -
Function of Golgi
Bodies
Golgi Vesicles
Lysosome
Function
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Protists
Plants
Function
Function: Plant vacuole
Microbodies
Peroxisomes:
Glyoxysomes:
Enzymes in a
crystal
Mitochondria
.
Inner Membrane
Function
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Inner or Thylakoid
Membranes
Function
Chloroplasts
Plastids
Examples
Amyloplasts/
Leucoplasts –
Chromoplasts
-
Ergastic Materials
Cytoskeleton
Functions
Components
 Microtubules
 Hollow
 Tubulin
Intermed.
Microfilament Filaments
Solid
Cables
Actin
(Keratin)
 Dynein
 Cilia/Flagella
Muscle
Contraction
Cell Division
Anchors
Organelles
Microtubules
Tubulin
.
Microtubules
Microtubules
Cilia and Flagella
Cilia and Flagella
Dynein Protein
Centrioles
Basal Bodies
Basal Body
MTOCs
Microfilaments
Microfilaments
are stained green.
Functions
Intermediate Filaments
Functions
Cytoskeleton
Cell Wall
Plant Cell Walls
Primary Wall
Secondary Wall
Middle Lamella
Cell Walls
.
Extracellular Matrix ECM
Intercellular Juctions
Plasmodesmata
Intercellular Juctions
Tight Junctions
Desmosomes
Gap Junctions
Summary
Answer:
Why is Life cellular
and what are the factors that
affect cell size?
Be able to identify cellular
parts, their structure, and
their functions.