Transcript Introduction to the Periodic Table

C: 15 Oct. 2010
Objective: SWBAT model atomic structure
and relate valence shell electrons to trends
on the periodic table and write names and
symbols for ions.
 Do now: Find the mass of your sand and
salt. Record data in your notebook. (Do
this quickly and quietly!!) 8 min.

To finish the lab…
Calculate the “recovered” mass of sand
and salt.
 Complete the conclusion questions from
the Separating a Mixture Lab Handout
 Be ready for an open notebook quiz on
Monday.
 Type up your procedure (paragraphs!) of
what you ACTUALLY did: due Tues.

Agenda
Do now and finish collecting lab data
II. Subatomic particles: What’s in an atom?
III. Modeling atoms and Forming Ions Activity
IV. Naming ions and writing symbols
Homework: Week 6 Homework #1-9: Mon.
Complete Lab Conclusion Questions in your
notebook (Lab Quiz Mon.)
Type your procedure, paragraph form, including
everything you actually did: Tues.
I.
A: 15 Oct. 2010
Take out Homework: Atomic Structure
and Ionization Worksheet
 Objective: SWBAT model atomic structure
and relate valence shell electrons to trends
on the periodic table and write names and
symbols for ions.
 Objective: Look at your Atomic
Structure and Ionization worksheet.
What patterns do you see in group number
and number of valence electrons?

Agenda
Do now
II. Check worksheet
III. Trends in valence shell electrons
IV. Modeling ions
V. Writing symbols and charges for ions.
Homework: Week 6 Homework #6-9
I.
Subatomic Particles
Sub: beneath, under, within
 Atomic: the atom

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Charge
positive (+)
neutral (0)
negative (-)
Mass
1
1
1/2000
Location
nucleus
nucleus
around the
nucleus
SWBAT model atomic structure and relate valence shell electrons to trends on
the periodic table and write names and symbols for ions.
Introduction to the Periodic Table
What information does the Periodic Table
give us?
SWBAT model atomic structure and relate valence shell electrons to trends on
the periodic table and write names and symbols for ions.
SWBAT model atomic structure and relate valence shell electrons to trends on
the periodic table and write names and symbols for ions.
Periods (across rows)
SWBAT model atomic structure and relate valence shell electrons to trends on
the periodic table and write names and symbols for ions.
Group Numbers
1
18
2
13
14 15
16 17
Atomic Number
(= number of protons)
Element Symbol
Element Name
Average atomic mass
6
C
Carbon
12.011
SWBAT model atomic structure and relate valence shell electrons to trends on
the periodic table and write names and symbols for ions.
Atoms are neutral…

So they have the same number of
electrons as protons
 Oxygen (O)?
 Argon (Ar)?
 Potassium (K)?
 Iron (Fe)?
SWBAT model atomic structure and relate valence shell electrons to trends on
the periodic table and write names and symbols for ions.
Where are the electrons?

Around the nucleus in energy levels
 layers
 Energy Level 1: Up to 2 electrons
 Energy Level 2: Up to 8 electrons
 Energy Level 3: Up to 8 electrons
 Filled
in order!
SWBAT model atomic structure and relate valence shell electrons to trends on
the periodic table and write names and symbols for ions.
Octet rule: all atoms want 8 electrons in
their outer energy level
 exception: H and He want 2
 Valence shell: outer energy level
 To get 8, they gain or lose electrons,
whichever is easier
 <4: lose electrons
 >4: gain electrons

Ion: an atom that has gained or lost
electrons
 Ionization: the process of forming an ion

With your partner…
Follow the directions on your worksheet
to make models of the elements given.
 Answer all of the (a and b) questions
 Work on the questions on page 3 (#1, 1, 2)
 Complete (c) and (d) with your partner.
 Finish the questions on page 3-4.

SWBAT model atomic structure and relate valence shell electrons to trends on
the periodic table and write names and symbols for ions.
Debrief

What patterns did you see?
SWBAT model atomic structure and relate valence shell electrons to trends on
the periodic table and write names and symbols for ions.
Ions formed by group - Add to your PTE
1
8
1+
2
3+
3
2+
Lose
e-
Cations
4
35
26
17
Gain
e
Anions
Writing ion symbols and names
Element symbolcharge
 For example, sodium loses one e-, so it has
a charge of +1
 Na+ (1 is invisible)
 For example, oxygen gains 2 e-, so it has a
charge of 2 O2
Cations (positive ions) are given the name
of the element
 Na+ is the “sodium ion”
 Anions (negative ions) are given the name
of the element with an “-ide” ending
 Cl- is the “chloride ion”

Anions
N3- nitride ion
2 O oxide ion
 F fluoride ion
 S2- sulfide ion
 Cl- chloride ion
 Br- bromide ion
 I iodide ion

Homework
Week 6 Homework #1-9
Finish packet from classwork today p. 3-4
Complete Lab Conclusion Questions in your
notebook (Lab Quiz Mon.)
Type your procedure, paragraph form,
including everything you actually did
Complete (c) and (d) with your partner
 Finish the worksheet
 Begin your homework

A: Homework

Week 6 Homework #6-9
Set up a table:
Element
14 lines…
…
…
# Valence Loses or Cation or Charge Symbol
EGains E- Anion?
of Ion
of Ion
Name of
Ion
Number of Valence Electrons
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Li
Be
B
F
O
N
Cl
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
P
K
Ca
Al
Se
Br
Kr
Lost or Gained Electrons?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Li
Be
B
F
O
N
Cl
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
P
K
Ca
Al
Se
Br
Kr
What ion is formed?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Li
Be
B
F
O
N
Cl
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
P
K
Ca
Al
Se
Br
Kr
Anion or Cation?
Cation is positive because it has LOST
electrons.
 It is a positive thing to have a cat, and it
would be sad if you lost your cat.
 Anion is negative because it has GAINED
electrons
 Mnemonic?

Anion or Cation?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Li
Be
B
F
O
N
Cl
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
P
K
Ca
Al
Se
Br
Kr
Symbols for Ions
Element SymbolCharge
+
 Li
 Cl
 Al3+
 Number, then + or –
 No need to write a “1”
 1 is often invisible in chemistry

Write the Symbol
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Li
Be
B
F
O
N
Cl
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
P
K
Ca
Al
Se
Br
Kr
Names for Ions

Cations: Same name as the element
 Li+: lithium ion
 Sr2+: strontium ion
Naming Ions

Anions: Ending changes to “-ide”
 N3-: nitride ion
 O2-: oxide ion
 F-: fluoride ion
 S2-: sulfide ion
 Cl-: chloride ion
 Br-: bromide ion
 I-: iodide ion
Name the ions formed by these
elements
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Li
Be
B
F
O
N
Cl
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
P
K
Ca
Al
Se
Br
Kr
How easy is it to make an ion?
Ionization Energy: The amount of
energy required to remove an electron to
form a positive (+1) ion.
 Increases going UP a group and across a
period to the RIGHT.

Ionization Energy Increases
Ionization Energy Increases
Trends in Ionization Energy
Why?
 The smaller the atom, the closer the
valence shell is to the nucleus.
 The closer the valence shell is held to the
nucleus, the harder it is to remove an
electron.
 Harder to remove = more ionization
energy

Atomic Radius Increases
Atomic Radius Increases
Significance of Chemical Formulas
Connection to Classification of Matter

What do you know about chemical
compounds?
How do we