Transcript Introduction to the Periodic Table

A: 18 October 2011
Take Out Homework: Separating a
Mixture Lab (procedure and data)
 Objective: You will be able to:
 … name the 3 subatomic particles and
identify their charge, mass and location
 …relate atomic number to the number of
each subatomic particle.
 Do now: Make a KWL chart. Fill in Know
and Want To Know for The Atom.

Agenda
Do now/Collect Separating a Mixture Lab
II. Rutherford’s Experiment Demo
III. Subatomic particle notes and using the periodic
table
IV. Practice problems
V.
Exit Ticket
Homework: Week 7 HW page 1-3: Fri.
Quiz Fri. Obj. 1, 2 and 3
Watch isotopes (link on blog) video and take notes:
by Fri.
I.
Structure of an Atom
Atom: Smallest particle of matter with the
properties of that element
Subatomic Particles
Sub: beneath, under, within
 Atomic: the atom

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Charge
positive (+)
neutral (0)
negative (-)
Mass
1
1
1/2000
Location
nucleus
nucleus
around the
nucleus
The atom
Protons
-In nucleus
-Positive charge
Nucleus
-most of the
mass of the
atom is here
Neutrons
-In nucleus
-Neutral charge
Electrons
-orbit nucleus
-negative charge
Introduction to the Periodic Table
What information does the Periodic Table
give us?
SWBAT model atomic structure and relate valence shell electrons to trends on
the periodic table and write names and symbols for ions.
Periods (across rows)
SWBAT model atomic structure and relate valence shell electrons to trends on
the periodic table and write names and symbols for ions.
Group Numbers
1
18
2
13
14 15
16 17
Atomic Number
(= number of protons)
Element Symbol
Element Name
Average atomic mass
6
C
Carbon
12.011
Protons: defining an atom

Atomic number: Atoms of different
elements have different numbers of protons.
Protons and Electrons

Atoms are neutral
 Same number of protons and electrons
 Ex: Carbon has 6 protons and 6 electrons
 6+ and 6 What is the net charge?
Subatomic particles in atoms
Protons
Neutrons Mass
number
Electrons Element
-
+
0
0
+
-
Protons
Neutrons Mass
number
Electrons Element
2
2
2
4
Helium
A: 20 October 2011
Objective: You will be able to:
 relate atomic number to the number of each
subatomic particle.
 model isotopes as nuclear and hyphen
notation and calculate average atomic mass.
 Do now: Fill in the second line of your chart
from Monday for the atom drawing on the
board.

Agenda
Do now
II. Subatomic particle notes and using the
periodic table
III. Practice problems
IV. Modeling atomic structure
V. Exit Ticket
Homework: Week 7 HW page 1-3: tomorrow.
Quiz tomorrow. Obj. 1, 2 and 3
Video notes
I.
Quiz Objectives
1.
2.
3.
7 contributors to atomic theory: know
their name and their contribution
(matching)
3 subatomic particles, charge, mass,
location
Modeling (sketching) an atom
-
+
+
0
-
0
0
+
-
-
+
0
+
-
-
+
0
0
0
+
+
0
-
-
-
+
-
0
0
-
-
+
0
+
+
0
+
0
0
+
+
0
-
-
+
0
0
+
-
-
+
0
0
0
+
+
+
0
0
+
0
0
0
+
+
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
+
0
0
+
-
0
-
+
0
0
0
+
+
+
0
0
+
0
0
0
+
+
+
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
0
+
-
+
0
0
-
+
0
+
+
0
+
0
0
+
+
0
-
-
Protons
Neutrons Mass
number
Electron Element
s
2
2
4
2
Helium
3
3
6
3
Lithium
5
7
5
7
10
14
5
7
Boron
Nitrogen
10
10
20
10
Neon
11
11
22
11
Sodium
8
8
16
8
Oxygen
Which element…?

Has 20 protons?
Which element…?

Has 15 protons?
Which element…?

Has 17 protons?
Which element…?

Has 53 protons?
Which element…?

Has 79 protons?
Which element…?

Has 40 electrons?
Which element…?

Has 77 electrons?
Which element…?

Has 50 electrons?
Which element…?

Has 118 electrons?
Atomic Number
(= number of protons)
Element Symbol
Element Name
Average atomic mass
6
C
Carbon
12.011
Trends in Atomic Numbers
Atomic numbers increase to the right and
down the Periodic Table of the Elements.
 Check it out.

Increasing atomic number
Increasing atomic number
A: 21 October 2011
Objective: You will be able to:
 relate atomic number to the number of each
subatomic particle.
 model isotopes as nuclear and hyphen
notation and calculate average atomic mass.
 Do now: Add one row to the table from
yesterday and fill it in for the drawing on the
board.

Agenda
Do now
II. Modeling atomic structure
III. Quiz on Objectives 1, 2 and 3
IV. Isotopes and average atomic mass
Homework: Week 7 HW page 4-7: Tuesday
Watch video on YouTube: Electron
Configuration (Find it on the blog!): Weds.
I.
Modeling Location of the
Subatomic Particles
Use your modeling kit to make an atom of
each of the elements listed on the
worksheet.
 Answer the questions as you go along.
 Don’t worry about the neutrons – we’ll
talk about those next.
 Complete the back of the worksheet.
 Once you finish, do #9 on the homework

Quiz
Objectives 1, 2 and 3
 When you finish:
 turn it in
 do numbers 8 and 9 on your week 7 HW

Neutrons
The number of protons in atoms of an
element is always the same.
 carbon always has six protons!
 The number of neutrons in atoms of the
same element is NOT always the same!
 carbon can have 6, 7 or 8 neutrons!

Isotope

Definition?
Isotopes: Using Hyphen Notation

element-mass number
 carbon-12
 6 protons (carbon always has six)
 How many neutrons?
 carbon-14
Nuclear Notation
massnumber
atomicnumber
symbol
12
6
C
What is the nuclear symbol for carbon-14?
 What about boron with 5 neutrons?
 What about boron with 6 neutrons?

Practice

Complete #1 on handout
20 October 2011



Take Out: Week 7 Homework
Objective: You will be able to:
 show what you know about objectives 1-3
 model isotopes as nuclear and hyphen
notation
 calculate average atomic mass
(this is not a silent Do Now)
Do now: Quiz your partner on the 7
contributors to atomic theory and their
discoveries!
Agenda
Do now/review
II. Go over homework p. 1-3
III. Obj. 1-3 quiz
IV. Review hyphen notation and nuclear
notation
V. Calculating average atomic mass
VI. Candium pre-lab!
Homework: Week 7 Homework p. 4-7:
Tues.
I.
Quick Review

Write the hyphen notation and the
nuclear notation for:
a. the isotope of copper with 34 neutrons
b.
the isotope of copper with 36 neutrons
Isotopes and Average Atomic Mass
So. That number underneath the
element’s name.
 What. is. it.

Average Atomic Mass

The weighted average of the mass
numbers of all the isotopes of an element.
Try a weighted average:

In your college chemistry class, labs are
worth 30% of your grade and exams are
worth 70%. You have an 88% average for
labs and a 67% average for exams.
Calculate your overall average grade.
A weighted average with isotopes
In nature, the element lithium has isotopes
in the following natural abundance:
 7.5% lithium-6
 92.5% lithium-7
 Calculate the average atomic mass.

relative number of
atoms
Mass spectrum of copper
100
80
69.09
60
30.91
40
20
0
63
65
mass number

Copper has two naturally occurring
isotopes. They are present in the following
percents:
63
 69.09% 29 Cu
 30.91%
65
29
 Calculate
the average atomic mass.
Cu
Calculate the average atomic mass
of Ne
relative number of
atoms
Mass spectrum of neon
100
91
80
60
40
20
0.3
0
20
21
mass number
9
22
Practice

Complete the rest of the handout from
yesterday.
Homework
Week 7 Homework pages 4-7 Tues.
 Watch “Electron Configuration” video on
youtube: Weds

Expectations
Stay in your seat
 Use a quiet tone of voice
 Read p. 1
 Complete p. 2
 When you finish, work on HW p. 4-7 or
extra credit

Exit Ticket
Isotopes: hyphen notation and nuclear
notation
 Average atomic mass

A: 24 October 2011



Take Out Homework: Week 7 p. 4-7
Objective: You will be able to:
 determine the average atomic mass of the element
“Candium.”
Do now: Tungsten (W) is composed of four main
isotopes with the following natural abundances.
Calculate the average atomic mass.
tungsten -182
tungsten-183
tungsten-184
tungsten-186
26.62%
14.31%
30.64 %
28.43 %
Agenda
Do now/check homework
II. Candium Pre-Lab
III. Candium Lab!
IV. Calculations, Data Table
Homework: If you don’t finish your lab
handout in class, it is due tomorrow.
Electron Configuration video notes:
tomorrow: link on the blog
I.
Pre-Lab
With your partner, spend 10 minutes
reading the article and working on the prelab questions.
 Stay in your seat
 Use a quiet voice
 Work hard to get this done!
 During lab today, I will be observing your
work habits and giving you a score from 1 to
4 based on your ability to stay on task,
follow directions and work with your group

Candium Lab




Each group will receive a sample of the newly
discovered element “Candium.”
Each piece of candy is one atom of Candium
Candium is composed of 3 isotopes:
 Candy Corn, Lemon Drop and Mike and Ike
 Each isotope has a different mass
Your job is to follow the directions to
determine the average atomic mass of
Candium
 This involves calculating a weighted average
of the average mass of each isotope.
Data Collection
Design a table in your notebook in
which to collect data.
 Once you are done and have calculated the
average atomic mass, check your work
with me.
 Then, recopy your table neatly (you can
make improvements) onto the worksheet.
 Answer the questions and turn it in!

Clean Up
Place all the atoms back into the baggie.
 Return your Candium sample and the
weighing boat to the front table.
 Return your balance to the cabinet with
the cord wound around the plug.

Homework
Candium Lab conclusion questions.
 Watch YouTube Video “Electron
Configuration” by PHAChemistry and
take notes by tomorrow!


(We’ll go over the answers to the Week 7
HW tomorrow.)
A: 26 October 2011
Take Out Homework: Week 7
Homework p. 4-7 AND Candium Lab
 Objective: You will be able to:
 describe the location of electrons around
the nucleus.
 Do now: Write the hyphen AND nuclear
notation for an isotope with 16 electrons
and a mass number of 33.

Agenda
Do now/check homework, collect lab
II. Expectations and Citizenship
III. Homework answers
IV. Track Unit 1 Quiz, organize, Track Unit 2
Quiz
V.
A surprise for you!
VI. Exit ticket: isotopes and average atomic
masses
VII. Electron Configuration
Homework: Week 8 Homework p. 1-3
I.
Expectations and Citizenship

Why?
 We lose time and focus, often during partner
or group work
 This leads to lower objective mastery, which
means we are learning less!
 You deserve a learning environment free of
distractions so you can do your very best!
 You deserve weekly feedback (and rewards!)
for how well you meet these expectations.
Spelling out the Expectations
You already do most of these most of the
time.
 Your goal is to do all of them all of the
time!

Assessing Your Progress
Each class period, you start with a 4 for
citizenship.
 Each time you receive a warning, you will
lose one point.
 If you reach a 1 (this is THREE warnings),
you will receive a blue slip and a call
home.
 Your citizenship will be averaged each
week and becomes part of your classwork
grade.

Rewards



You will now keep your hall passes in your
folder.
If your citizenship average is greater than or
equal to 3 for a week, you will receive an extra
hall pass.
When you want to use one, just fill it out and
have me sign it at a time when we are NOT
doing whole-class work (ex: During lecture is
NOT a good time to use the bathroom. During
partner work IS a good time).
Whole class rewards
What if the whole class has an average of 3
or better for a week?
 10 minutes of free time at the end of a
class the next week?
 Candy?
 Other?

Track your last Unit 1 Quiz
Add it to your Unit 1 bundle.
 Place it in your green folder.
 Label your folder tab with your name.
 Place it in the file basket.


Don’t forget to make up the Unit 1
Objectives that you haven’t yet earned a 3
or a 4 on!!
Track your Unit 2 Quiz
Keep it in the “Everything Else” side of
your folder.
 Keep the Unit 2 Objective Mastery
Tracking Sheet on TOP of “Everything
Else!”
 Get your stamps!

A gift for you

Take out your Periodic Table!
C: 26 October 2011
Objective: You will be able to:
 describe the location of electrons around
the nucleus.
 Do now:
a. Draw a sketch of one atom of fluorine with
the electrons on the correct energy levels.
b. How many valence electrons does fluorine
have?

Agenda
Do now
II. Homework Answers
III. Isotopes and average atomic mass exit
ticket
IV. Electron arrangement!
V. Orbital Notation and Electron
Configuration Notation
Homework: Week 8 Homework p. 1-3
Thurs. Quiz Thurs.
I.
Exit Ticket
Objectives 2.4 and 2.6
 Isotope notation (hyphen and nuclear)
 Calculating average atomic mass

Electron Configuration
Work along in your packet as we do this
together.
 Then, work with your partner to complete
the assignment.

Thursday and Friday
I will be at a conference for science
teachers learning cool new demos and
experiments and ways to teach the things
you need to learn!
 You will have a sub – treat this person
with respect and complete ALL the
assigned work.
 The work you complete in my absence will
be graded!

Homework
Week 8 Homework p. 1-3 tomorrow.
 Quiz tomorrow:
 Something from Unit 1
 Contributors to atomic theory
 Atomic structure
 Sketching an atom
 Isotopes
 Average atomic mass

A: 1 November 2011
Take Out Homework: Week 8 HW
 Objective: You will be able to:
 model electron configuration and
ionization
 Do now: On your progress report,
identify missing work. If you have it, turn
it in. If not, make plans to do work after
school this week.

Agenda
Do now
 Modeling electron configuration and ionization
examples and practice
 Atoms vs. Ions
Homework:
Week 8 Homework: Fix: Weds.
Finish Ionization and Electron Config.
worksheet: Weds.
Quiz on Unit 2 Objectives 7 through 13 on Thurs.

C: 2 November 2011
Take Out Homework: Week 8 and
Ionization and Electron Configuration
 Objective: You will be able to:
 review atomic structure and electron
configuration by creating an element
facebook page!
 Do now: Write the symbol for the ion
formed by calcium. Explain how you
determined the charge for the ion.

Agenda
Do now
II. Track Exit Ticket and Quiz
III. Week 8 HW answers
IV. Trends on the periodic table
V. Exit ticket, Objectives 10-13
VI. Element Facebook project instructions
VII. Work time!
VIII. Track Objectives 10-13 Exit Ticket
I.
Homework
1.
2.
3.
Homework: Element facebook page
due Monday
Fix Atomic Structure and Ionization
Worksheet
Quiz on Unit 2 Objectives 7-13:
tomorrow
A: 2 November 2011
Take Out Homework: Week 8 and
Ionization and Electron Configuration WS
 Objective: You will be able to:
 review atomic structure, electron
configuration and ionization
 Do now: Write the symbol for the ion
formed by calcium. Explain how you
determined the charge for the ion.

Agenda
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
Do now
Track Exit Ticket and Quiz
Week 8 HW answers
Trends on the periodic table
Fix Atomic Structure and Ionization
Worksheet
Exit ticket, Objectives 10-13
Introduce element facebook project
Homework
1.
2.
Homework: Element facebook page
due Monday
You’ll have work time tomorrow
Quiz on Unit 2 Objectives 7-13:
tomorrow
Tracking
Track your Exit Ticket and Quiz
 Hand your quiz back in!!
 I haven’t put them in the gradebook yet!
 Keep out your tracking sheet so you can
get your stamps for the quiz.

Week 8 Homework Answers

and ion trends on the Periodic Table
Ions formed by group - Add to your PTE
1
8
1+
2
3+
3
2+
Lose
e-
Cations
4
35
26
17
Gain
e
Anions
Exit Ticket

Objectives 10-13
Homework
1.
2.
3.
Homework: Element facebook page
due Monday
You’ll have work time tomorrow
Fix Atomic Structure and Ionization
Worksheet: tomorrow
Quiz on Unit 2 Objectives 7-13: Friday
A: 3 November 2011
Objective: You will be able to:
 review atomic structure, electron
configuration and ionization
 Do now: Write the electron configuration
notation for magnesium.
 Then, write the electron configuration
notation for the ion formed by magnesium.

Agenda
Do now
II. Exit ticket
III. Introduce element facebook project –
directions
IV. Work time!
Homework: Quiz: Weds, Objectives 7-13
Element Facebook page: Weds.
I.
Element Facebook Project
Use my example and the rubric to be sure
you include all required parts.
 Use the template to collect information.
 Your final product must by typed or neatly
hand written on a new piece of paper.
 All information from other sources must
be in your own words!
 Due next Wednesday.

Choose an element
2-18
 19-86 from groups 1, 2, 13-18 only!
 Don’t choose the same one as a friend!

This period
Stay in your seat
 You may:
 collect information on the history of your
element and record it on the template
 Choose pictures from Google image and
paste them into a Word document
 Write the diagrams, orbital notation, etc.
for your element on the template
 Be sure to save your work!

Homework


Quiz: Wednesday, Objectives 7-13
Element Facebook page: Weds.
Writing ion symbols and names
Element symbolcharge
 For example, sodium loses one e-, so it has
a charge of +1
 Na+ (1 is invisible)
 For example, oxygen gains 2 e-, so it has a
charge of 2 O2
Cations (positive ions) are given the name
of the element
 Na+ is the “sodium ion”
 Anions (negative ions) are given the name
of the element with an “-ide” ending
 Cl- is the “chloride ion”

Anions
N3- nitride ion
2 O oxide ion
 F fluoride ion
 S2- sulfide ion
 Cl- chloride ion
 Br- bromide ion
 I iodide ion

Homework
Week 6 Homework #1-9
Finish packet from classwork today p. 3-4
Complete Lab Conclusion Questions in your
notebook (Lab Quiz Mon.)
Type your procedure, paragraph form,
including everything you actually did
Complete (c) and (d) with your partner
 Finish the worksheet
 Begin your homework

A: Homework

Week 6 Homework #6-9
Set up a table:
Element
14 lines…
…
…
# Valence Loses or Cation or Charge Symbol
EGains E- Anion?
of Ion
of Ion
Name of
Ion
Number of Valence Electrons
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Li
Be
B
F
O
N
Cl
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
P
K
Ca
Al
Se
Br
Kr
Lost or Gained Electrons?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Li
Be
B
F
O
N
Cl
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
P
K
Ca
Al
Se
Br
Kr
What ion is formed?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Li
Be
B
F
O
N
Cl
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
P
K
Ca
Al
Se
Br
Kr
Anion or Cation?
Cation is positive because it has LOST
electrons.
 It is a positive thing to have a cat, and it
would be sad if you lost your cat.
 Anion is negative because it has GAINED
electrons
 Mnemonic?

Anion or Cation?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Li
Be
B
F
O
N
Cl
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
P
K
Ca
Al
Se
Br
Kr
Symbols for Ions
Element SymbolCharge
+
 Li
 Cl
 Al3+
 Number, then + or –
 No need to write a “1”
 1 is often invisible in chemistry

Write the Symbol
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Li
Be
B
F
O
N
Cl
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
P
K
Ca
Al
Se
Br
Kr
Names for Ions

Cations: Same name as the element
 Li+: lithium ion
 Sr2+: strontium ion
Naming Ions

Anions: Ending changes to “-ide”
 N3-: nitride ion
 O2-: oxide ion
 F-: fluoride ion
 S2-: sulfide ion
 Cl-: chloride ion
 Br-: bromide ion
 I-: iodide ion
Name the ions formed by these
elements
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Li
Be
B
F
O
N
Cl
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
P
K
Ca
Al
Se
Br
Kr
How easy is it to make an ion?
Ionization Energy: The amount of
energy required to remove an electron to
form a positive (+1) ion.
 Increases going UP a group and across a
period to the RIGHT.

Ionization Energy Increases
Ionization Energy Increases
Trends in Ionization Energy
Why?
 The smaller the atom, the closer the
valence shell is to the nucleus.
 The closer the valence shell is held to the
nucleus, the harder it is to remove an
electron.
 Harder to remove = more ionization
energy

Atomic Radius Increases
Atomic Radius Increases
Significance of Chemical Formulas
Connection to Classification of Matter

What do you know about chemical
compounds?
How do we