Transcript Chapter 7 Periodic Properties of the Elements

Chapter 8
Periodic Properties
of the Elements
In an germanium atom, which electron
will experience the greatest effective
nuclear charge? An electron in a…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2s orbital
2p orbital
3s orbital
3p orbital
3d orbital
In an germanium atom, which electron
will experience the greatest effective
nuclear charge? An electron in a…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2s orbital
2p orbital
3s orbital
3p orbital
3d orbital
Order the following according to
increasing atomic radius.
Ge Si
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Ge < Si < Se < Cl
Se < Si < Ge < Cl
Si < Cl < Ge < Se
Cl < Si < Se < Ge
Si < Ge < Se < Cl
Se
Cl
Order the following according to
increasing atomic radius.
Ge Si
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Ge < Si < Se < Cl
Se < Si < Ge < Cl
Si < Cl < Ge < Se
Cl < Si < Se < Ge
Si < Ge < Se < Cl
Se
Cl
Order the following according to
increasing atomic/ionic radius.
N3- Li+
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
C < Li+ < O2- < N3N3- < O2- < C < Li+
Li+ < C < N3- < O2Li+ < C < N3- < O2Li+ < C < O2- < N3-
C
O2-
Order the following according to
increasing atomic/ionic radius.
N3- Li+
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
C < Li+ < O2- < N3N3- < O2- < C < Li+
Li+ < C < N3- < O2Li+ < C < N3- < O2Li+ < C < O2- < N3-
C
O2-
Which will have the highest
ionization energy?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
C
N
O
Al
Si
Which will have the highest
ionization energy?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
C
N
O
Al
Si
Which will be the largest?
I = ionization energy
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I1 of Na
I2 of Na
I1 of Mg
I2 of Mg
I3 of Mg
Which will be the largest?
I = ionization energy
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I1 of Na
I2 of Na
I1 of Mg
I2 of Mg
I3 of Mg
Which will produce a basic solution
in water?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
CO2
P2O5
BaO
XeO3
SO2
Which will produce a basic solution
in water?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
CO2
P2O5
BaO
XeO3
SO2
The effective nuclear charge experienced
by 3p electrons in phosphorus is
1. +2
2. +3
3. +5
4. +7
Correct Answer:
1. +2
2. +3
3. +5
4. +7
The effective nuclear charge is
given by the equation:
Zeff = Z  S
where Z represents number of
protons in the nucleus and S
represents the average number of
electrons between the nucleus
and the electron in question.
Here:
Zeff = 15  10 = +5
Based on atomic radii, which of the
following bonds would be expected to
be the shortest?
1. HH
2. HF
3. FF
4. ClCl
Correct Answer:
1. HH
2. HF
3. FF
4. ClCl
The shortest bonding atomic
radius belongs to the H
atom, so an H2 molecule will
have the shortest HX
(where X is any atom) bond
distance.
Which of the following is expected to
be the correct order of atomic radii
from smallest to largest?
1. H < C < F
2. Mg < Ar < Al
3. S < Si < Na
4. Ne < B < H
Correct Answer:
1. H < C < F
2. Mg < Ar < Al
3. S < Si < Na
4. Ne < B < H
As noted from
the graph to the
right.
F, Ne, and Na+ are isoelectronic. Which
of the following gives the correct ordering
of their ionic size (from smallest to
largest)?
1. F < Ne < Na+
2. Ne < F < Na+
3. Na+ < Ne < F
Correct Answer:
1. F < Ne < Na+
2. Ne < F < Na+
3. Na+ < Ne < F
For an isoelectronic
series, the most
negatively charged
species is largest.
Which is larger: Na+ or Na?
1. Na+
2. Na
Correct Answer:
1. Na+
2. Na
Both have the same
number of protons, but
Na with one more
electron will be larger.
Which is larger: Cl or Cl?
1. Cl
2. Cl
Correct Answer:
1. Cl
2. Cl
Both have the same
number of protons, but
Cl− with one more
electron will be larger.
Based on periodic trends, which of the
following elements is expected to have
the largest first ionization energy?
1. Li
2. Be
3. B
4. N
Correct Answer:
1. Li
N
2. Be
3. B
4. N
Be
B
Based on periodic trends, which of the
following elements is expected to have
the largest (i.e., most negative) electron
affinity?
1. K
3. Si
2. Na
4. S
Correct Answer:
1. K
2. Na
3. Si
4. S
S has most negative
electron affinity in this
list.
Which of the following oxides is basic?
1. Nickel (nickel(II) oxide, NiO)
2. Sulfur (sulfur trioxide, SO3)
3. Sulfur (sulfur dioxide, SO2)
4. Carbon (carbon dioxide, CO2)
Correct Answer:
1. Nickel (nickel(II) oxide, NiO)
2. Sulfur (sulfur trioxide, SO3)
3. Sulfur (sulfur dioxide, SO2)
Metal oxides react
4. Carbon (carbon dioxide, CO2) with acids to form
salts in water; here
NiO reacts with HNO3
to form a green
solution of Ni(NO3)2.
Which of the following metals is expected
to react most vigorously with liquid
water? (The reaction is pictured below.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Lithium
Sodium
Potassium
Beryllium
Magnesium
Correct Answer:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Lithium
Sodium
Potassium
Beryllium
Magnesium
Reactivity with water
is higher for alkali
metals than alkaline
earth metals, and the
trend is more
vigorous reactivity
as one proceeds
down the column of
Group IA.
In which of the following compounds
does oxygen have an oxidation number
of 1?
1. Dioxygen (O2)
2. Lithium oxide (Li2O)
3. Sodium peroxide (Na2O2)
4. Potassium superoxide (KO2)
Correct Answer:
1. Dioxygen (O2)
2. Lithium oxide (Li2O)
3. Sodium peroxide (Na2O2)
4. Potassium superoxide (KO2)