Transcript Introduction to Chemistry

Introduction to Chemistry
Grade 9 Chemistry Review
Matter
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Everything is made up of matter
All matter is made up of elements
Elements are made up atoms
Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons,
and electrons
• Matter can be classified by Physical and
Chemical characteristics
The Physical Classification of Matter
• There are three states of matter
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
The Chemical Classification of Matter
The Classification of Matter: Activity
The Periodic Table of Elements
• Elements are organized into a groups and
families in the periodic table of elements.
• Elements are organized according to their
atomic number (the number of protons in
their nucleus).
• Families of elements share chemical and
sometimes physical characteristics.
Periodic Table of Elements: Groups
Retrieved January 2010 from http://www.schenectady.k12.ny.us/users/title3/Future%20Grant%20Projects/Projects/periodictable/Regions.jpg
Periodic Table of Elements: Families
Retrieved January 2010 from http://www.electrical-res.com/EX/10-17-19/PeriodicTable.gif
The Periodic Table of Elements
Song
Atomic Structure
• Each element on the periodic table is made
up of atoms. Each atom of each element has
a unique make up of protons, and also of
neutrons and electrons.
• Atomic Number: The number of protons in
the nucleus of an atom.
• Atomic Weight: The total number of
subatomic particles in the nucleus of an atom.
• # of Protons + # Neutrons
Atomic Structure
• Atomic Structure Video #1
• Atomic Structure Video #2
Atomic Math
For any element…
– Atomic Number = # of Protons = # of Electrons
– Atomic Weight – Atomic Number = # of Neutrons
Atomic Math Example
Krypton
• Atomic Number = 36 (= # of Protons)
• # of Protons = # of Electrons = 36
• Number of Neutrons = 48
– Atomic Weight - Atomic Number = 84 - 36 = 48
Atomic Math Practice Activity
Chemical Symbols…Why?
English
French
Latin
German
Symbol
Silver
Argent
Argentum
Silber
Ag
Gold
Or
Aurum
Gold
Au
Iron
Fer
Ferrum
Eisen
Fe
Copper
Cuivre
Cuprum
Kupfer
Cu
The element symbol is international, regardless of language. It is often based
on the Latin name of the element.
The first letter of the symbol is always a capital letter.
The symbol is always made up of 2 or 3 letters.