Transcript - Williamsburg High School for

Do Now
•
Which list includes elements with the most similar chemical properties?
1.
Br, Ga, Hg
2.
Cr, Pb, Xe
3.
O, S, Se
4.
N, O, F
Williamsburg High School for Architecture and Design
Mr. Quinn and Ms. Tom
10/29/13
Aim
• How is the periodic table organized?
Atomic Radius
The distance from the
middle of the nucleus to the
outermost electron shell
Outer Shell Electrons
aka Valence Electrons
The total number of
electrons on the outer
shell
• This includes the s-
and p-sublevels
Ionization Energy
• The amount
of energy
required to
remove a
valence
electron
Electron Affinity
• The amount of
energy gained by
adding an electron
to the outer shell
Electron Affinity
• As we move across a
period, electron
affinity…
• Increases
• As we move down a
group, electron
affinity…
• Stays the same
Electron Affinity
• As number of valence
electrons increases,
electron affinity…
• Increases
• As ionization energy
increases, electron
affinity…
• Increases
Electronegativity
• The total ability
of an atom to
hold an electron
Electronegativity
• As we move across a
period, electronegativity…
• Increases
• As we move down a group,
electronegativity…
• Decreases
Electronegativity
• As atomic radius increases,
electronegativity…
• Decreases
• As number of valence
electrons increases,
electronegativity…
• Increases
Electronegativity
• As ionization energy increases,
electronegativity…
• Increases
• As electron affinity increases,
electronegativity…
• Increases
Many valence
electrons
To Recap…
High Ionization
Energy
High electron
affinity
High
electronegativity
High Atomic Radius
Regents Problems, Round 1
•
The elements on the Periodic Table are arranged in order of increasing
1.
atomic mass
2.
atomic number
3.
molar mass
4.
oxidation number
Regents Problems, Round 2
• Which list of elements from Group 2 on the Periodic Table is
arranged in order of increasing atomic radius?
1.
Be, Mg, Ca
2.
Ca, Mg, Be
3.
Ba, Ra, Sr
4.
Sr, Ra, Ba
Regents Problems, Round 3
• Which atom in the ground state requires the least amount of
energy to remove its valence electron?
1.
lithium atom
2.
potassium atom
3.
rubidium atom
4.
sodium atom
Regents Problems, Round 4
• Which general trend is found in Period 3 as the elements are
considered in order of increasing atomic number?
1.
increasing atomic radius
2.
increasing electronegativity
3.
decreasing atomic mass
4.
decreasing first ionization energy
Regents Problems, Round 5
• Compared to the atoms of nonmetals in Period 3, the atoms of
metals in Period 3 have
1.
fewer valence electrons
2.
more valence electrons
3.
fewer electron shells
4.
more electron shells
Regents Problems, Round 6
• In the ground state, each atom of an element has two valence
electrons. This element has a lower first ionization energy than
calcium. Where is this element located on the Periodic Table?
1.
Group 1, Period 4
2.
Group 2, Period 5
3.
Group 2, Period 3
4.
Group 3, Period4
Regents Problems, Round 7
• An atom of which element has the greatest attraction for the
electrons in a bond with a hydrogen atom?
1.
Chlorine
2.
Phosphorus
3.
Silicon
4.
sulfur
Regents Problems, Round 8
• As the elements is Period 3 are considered in order of increasing
atomic number, there is a general decrease in
1.
atomic mass
2.
atomic radius
3.
electronegativity
4.
first ionization energy
Regents Problems, Round 9
•
Which element has chemical properties that are most similar to the chemical
properties of sodium?
1.
Beryllium
2.
Calcium
3.
Lithium
4.
magnesium
Regents Problems, Round 10
•
As atomic number increases within Group 15 on the Periodic Table, atomic radius
1.
decreases, only
2.
increases, only
3.
decreases, then increases
4.
increases, then decreases