Transcript Atoms
Chemistry 0 The study of matter, the structure of matter, properties of matter, and how matter reacts. 0 So, what exactly is matter? What exactly is matter? 0 There are 2 short informational articles on matter in the science folder. 0 Select one article for yourself and one for your partner. 0 Read your article silently and record what you thought about the topic on the “Think-Pair-Share” sheet. 0 When you are both done doing this, share what you learned from your article and record what your partner thought after reading their article. 0 Discuss what matter is and come up with a combined answer for what matter is in the 3rd box. Let’s Review What We Know About Matter… Matter • Matter takes up space • Matter has mass • Matter is everywhere around us • Matter exists in 4 forms: solid, liquid, gas, or plasma • All matter is made of atoms Matter 0 Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. 0 With your partner, name 3 things in the room that contain matter. 0 Think about the definition that you created with your partner for matter. Use it to help you complete the sort. Sorting Activity: 1. With your partner, review your sort cards and categorize them into 3 piles: matter not matter unsure 2. Be ready to defend your answers. Can you prove that it has mass and takes up space? How would you prove it? Matter Matter Defined… 0 Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. Is Air Matter? Let’s find out. 0 Does it take up space? 0 Does it have mass? 0 What can you 0 With your partner, name 3 things in the room that contain matter? conclude about air? Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. Chemistry 0 The study of matter, the structure of matter, properties of matter, and how matter reacts. 0 This is our focus for the next few day’s lessons. Let’s Explore Atoms Further You will need to take notes on the following as we explore together as a group: Atomic structure Atomic number Atomic mass To Access WebQuest Simulator: phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/build-an-atom w Atoms 0 Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. All matter is made of atoms. 0 Atoms are too small to see without powerful microscopes. 0 They are like the Legos of the world Atoms All Legos have similar structures that help them connect to other Lego pieces. The Legos can combine in many different ways to create an almost infinite number of items. Like Legos, atoms have similar structures that help them connect to other atoms. Atoms can also be combined in different ways to create an almost infinite number of combinations that make up all of the matter around us. Atoms Even though all Legos have similar structures that allow them to connect to each other, not all Lego pieces look exactly the same. Just like Lego pieces, all atoms have similar structures that allow them to connect to each other, but not all atoms look exactly the same. Lithium atoms look different from carbon atoms. The Periodic Table 0 All matter on planet earth is made up of only these atoms found on the periodic table of elements. 0 They combine, like Legos to create all matter! Subatomic Particles 0 Protons: have a positive charge and are located in the center of the nucleus o Neutrons: do NOT have a charge and are located in the center of the nucleus These are the structures of the atom that determine how it will act & who it can connect to. o Electrons: have a negative charge and are located on the outside of the nucleus How Exactly Does Attraction Work? 0 Take 1 strip of plastic bag from the science folder. 0 Hold the plastic strip firmly at one end. Then grasp the plastic strip between the thumb & fingers of your other hand as shown. 0 Quickly pull your top hand up & down, letting it run through your fingers 3-4 times. Attraction Data Chart Materials Negatively charged plastic & positively charged skin Negatively charged plastic & neutral desk Negatively charged plastic & negatively charged plastic Attract or Repel Explain Headline News: Electrons are attracted to Positive Protons! Opposites Attract: The negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged protons in the core or center of the atom. They orbit the atom because of this attraction. This is similar to the moon orbiting the earth because of its gravitational attraction. Atom Attraction 0 The positive protons in the nucleus would normally repel each other…causing the atom to be unstable. 0 The neutrons neutralize their charge so they don’t repel each other. This allows the atom to become stable. What are the structures that all atoms have? Electron Cloud: • Electrons orbit the nucleus. Nucleus: • Dense body in the center of the atom – the brain • Protons and Neutrons are found in the nucleus. Why is most of the mass in the nucleus? Let’s find out! Most of the mass is in the nucleus or “brain” 0 Inside this one cubic centimeter, there are... 45,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms 0 Most of the mass in an atom is in the nucleus (which is why the atomic mass comes from adding the protons & neutrons…because they are the “in crowd” found in the nucleus) 0 In the electron cloud…there is mostly air and few electrons. This is why electrons don’t add significant weight to the atomic mass. How do we “read” this? 0 Where is most of the mass in an atom? Atomic # Element Symbol Element Name Atomic Mass 0 What structures of the atom are there? 0 How do you calculate the atomic mass? How do we “read” this? Atomic # Element Symbol Element Name Atomic Mass 0 What does the atomic # tell us? A tomic # P roton # E lectron # Let’s Review Let’s Review Atoms Neon is made up of atoms of neon! Oxygen is made up of atoms of oxygen! 0 Different types of Matter are made of different atoms Atoms 0 What’s different about these 2 atoms? 0 What do the numbers on the cards represent? Neon is made up of atoms of neon! Oxygen is made up of atoms of oxygen! Atomic Number Element Symbol Element Name Atomic Number # of protons? # of electrons? Atomic Number Atomic mass # of protons Protons: Neutrons: Most of the mass in an atom is in the “brain” or nucleus. The atomic mass is the sum of the protons & neutrons! Let’s Build One… Quick Check – match the element card to its atom model Element Card 1 34ofof20 25 Atom Model © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004