Transcript Document 469407

Objectives
0 Students will explain that atoms are the smallest unit
of an element and are composed of subatomic
particles.
0 Students will analyze models of the scientific theory
of atoms.
0 Students will analyze models and describe the motion
of particles in solids, liquids, and/or gasses.
Agenda
0 Bell Ringer
0 Atoms PowerPoint
0 Interactive Notebook Notes
0 Think-Pair-Share
0 Brain Pop: Atomic Theory
0 Gallery Walk Activity
0 Independent Practice
Atoms
0 Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.
All matter is made of atoms.
0 Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter. They
make up everything around us; Your desk, the board,
your body, everything is made of atoms!
0 Atoms are too small to see without powerful
microscopes.
Atomic Structure
There are two basic components in every atom:
Electron Cloud
Nucleus
Subatomic Particles
Three subatomic particles make up every atom:
Subatomic Particle
Charge
Location
Proton
Positive (+)
Nucleus or “Core”
Neutron
No Charge (0)
Nucleus or “Core”
Electron
Negative (-)
Electron Cloud
Subatomic Particles
Electron Cloud:
• Electrons orbit the
nucleus.
Nucleus or “Core”:
• Protons and
Neutrons are found
in the nucleus.
Atomic Theory
Changes over time…
Atomic Theory
0 Because we can not see atoms, we use models to teach
and learn about atoms.
0 The atomic theory has changed over time as new
technologies have become available.
0 Remember: Scientific knowledge builds on past research and
experimentation.
Atomic Theory Timeline
Scientist
John
Dalton
Information
All matter is made of
atoms. Atoms are too small
to see, indivisible and
indestructible. All atoms of
a given element are
identical.
Model
Atomic Theory Timeline
Scientist
J.J
Thompson
Information
Discovered the negative
electron, and predicted that
there also must be a
positive particle to hold the
electrons in place.
Model
Atomic Theory Timeline
Scientist
Information
Ernest
Rutherford
Discovered the nucleus of an atom
and named the positive particles in
the nucleus “protons”. Concluded
that electrons are scattered in
empty space around the nucleus.
Model
Atomic Theory Timeline
Scientist
Information
Model
Neutrons
James
Chadwick
Discovered that neutrons were also
located in the nucleus of an atoms
and that they contain no charge.
Atomic Theory Timeline
Scientist
Neils
Bohr
Information
Concluded that electrons are
located in planet-like orbits
around the nucleus in
certain energy levels.
Model
Scientist
(Many
Scientists!)
The Modern
Atomic Theory
Information
Electrons do not orbit the
nucleus in neat planet-like
orbits but move at high
speeds in an electron cloud
around the nucleus.
Model
Think-Pair-Share!
Take a minute to read the essential question as I
read it aloud: “How and why has the Atomic
Theory changed over time?”
After you have jotted down your notes in the space
on your guided notes, exchange your thoughts with
your partner. We will have share-outs and discuss
the answer.
http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/atom
icmodel/
Three states of matter
At room temperature most substances exist in one of three
physical states.
solid
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liquid
gas
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
2004
Solids
0 The particles in a solid are very tightly packed and
vibrate in place.
0 Solids have a definite volume and shape.
Particles in a solid – animation
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© Boardworks Ltd 2005
2004
Liquids
0 The particles in a liquid are close together but can
move and flow past one another.
0 Liquids have a definite volume but they do not have a
definite shape. This is why liquids like water take the
shape of the container they are in.
Picture was
taken at the
exact
moment these
water
balloons were
popped!
Particles in a liquid – animation
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© Boardworks Ltd 2005
2004
Gases
0 Particles in a gas have higher amounts of energy than
those in a solid or liquid.
0 Gases do not have a definite shape or volume. When
placed in a container, it fills up the entire container and
spreads out as far as possible.
Particles in a gas – animation
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© Boardworks Ltd 2005
2004
Molecular Motion
Adding heat
Removing heat
In your groups, you will rotate clockwise after 4 minutes through the 5
stations. You will write all information on the Gallery Walk handout.
 Stay with your group at all times.
 Do not move ahead or go back, wait for the timer to move.
 You may discuss possible answers with your group
members.
 Raise your hand if you need assistance after you have
asked your group members.
Independent Practice