Transcript Presentation - IAC 2016, New Delhi

Fighting Climate Stress with
Orphan Legumes
Ed Southern
IAC, Delhi
November 2016
Annual mean temperature
A hotter drier world
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Annual mean temperature
Kirkhouse projects
• Crop breeding
• Legumes
2000
2007
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Annual mean temperature
We face many related issues:
• Hotter and drier climate
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Loss of soil
Loss of aquifers
Crop failure
Increase in population
Social unrest
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Desertification of Sahel: it’s getting drier
• Sahel (100-600 Km)
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Losing 2-50 Km p.a.
Due to spread of Sahara
• Overgrazing
• Overcultivation
• Climate change
Soil loss
Jeremy Ouedraogo
Rate of rainfall migration
Jeremy Ouedraogo
Climate Change in the Sahel
It’s getting hotter
• In 35 years:
• +2°C global average
• Sahel will be higher
• Spikes will be higher
• Rains less predictable
• Sahara spreading
south
Population Growth in the Sahel
• In 35 years:
• Another
~200m mouths
to feed
• Already hunger
among 100m
Oasis report
KT in the Sahel
• Kirkhouse Trust cowpea molecular breeding
programme (WACC)
• KT presence in seven countries since 2007
Resilient crops needed to resist Climate
Change
• Cowpea already failing in N Burkina Faso
• Alternative remedies:
• Make cowpea more resilient
• Breeding, GM
• Test alternative crop species
• More resilient species
• Greater Diversity
Crops Potentially Resilient to
Climate Change
KT has experience of:
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Dolichos lablab Lablab purpureus
Moth bean Vigna aconitifolia
Horsegram Macrotyloma uniflorum
Marama bean Tylosema esculentum
Others have suggested:
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Bambara Vigna subterrania
Lima bean Phaseolus lunatus
Greengram Vigna radiata
Pigeon pea Cajanus cajan
Tepary bean Phaseolus acutifolius
Cowpea / common bean
as checks
UASB
India contributes most
KT has experience of:
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Dolichos lablab Lablab purpureus
Moth bean Vigna aconitifolia
Horsegram Macrotyloma uniflorum
Marama bean Tylosema esculentum
Others have suggested:
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Bambara Vigna subterrania
Lima bean Phaseolus lunatus
Greengram Vigna radiata
Pigeon pea Cajanus cajan
Tepary bean Phaseolus acutifolius
Cowpea / common bean
as checks
India . . . . . 5
Africa . . . . 3
Americas . . 3
Comparative studies
• All these crops have been studied
• But individually
• Our plans are to do comparative studies
• In stressed environments
• Offer farmers greater range to choose
from
Grain, forage, fodder, erosion control
• Focus on human feed?
• Grain (pulses) and / or
• Greens (pods and leaves)
• Animal feed?
Lablab
• Grazing and fodder
• Vegetative growth
• Soil stabilisation?
• Deep roots
• Ground cover
Percy Chimwamurumbi
Marama
bean
KT plans 1
• Germplasm collection
• Genebanks
• Selection factors:
1)
Seed type, colour, size etc
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Phenology, days to flowering, days to maturity
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Growth habit
4)
Origin, drier, hotter climates.
Looking for wide diversity
KT plans 2
• Early evaluation:
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Phenology/PS (days to flowering, days to maturation)
Growth habit
Yield/growth habit
Diseases and pests
Germination
Pod shattering
KT plans 3
• Multi-location trials
• Field observations
• Agronomists, farmers
• Yield etc
• New technologies
• Lysimetry
• PhotosynQ
• Opportunities for masters and PhDs
Plans for multilocation field trials
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50+ accessions of each of ~10
species
Multiplication and
Comparative performance of species
and accessions
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In at least four agroecological regions
With different ecologies
Already in train
• Three zones in Burkina Faso
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Under consideration
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Namibia
Tanzania
India
• Must outperform existing crop
• Cowpea in Sahel
With thanks to:
Our Expert advisers
• Our KT administrators
• Fleur Geoghegan
• Antony Bowes
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Prem Mathur
D Kumar
Byregowda
Viswanatha
Mohammed Yaqoob
Singh
Miriam Kinyua
Pavithravani BV
Patrick Nkademi
Percy Chimwamurumbi
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Jeremy Ouedraogo
Felicien Zida
Mohammad Sawodago
Benoit Batieno
Sean Mayes
Paul Gepts
Robert Koebner
Mike Timko
Vincent Vadez
. . . And a host of others!
Thank you!
Farmers are fighting climate change
KT STOL offers farmers more weapons for the fight
Jeremy Ouedraogo
Platform session
Experts:
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Dr Benoit Bationo, Cowpea Breeder, INERA, Burkina Faso
Prof. Percy Chimwamurombe, Associate Professor, University of Namibia
Prof. Paul Gepts – Distinguished Professor, UC Davis
Prof. Miriam Kinyua – Lablab breeder, University of Eldoret, Kenya
Dr D. Kumar – Project Co-ordinator (arid legumes), CAZRI, Jodhpur, India
Dr Prem Mathur – Regional representative, Central and South Asia, Bioversity
Dr Vincent Vadez – Assistant Director, ICRISAT, Hyerabad, India
Dr Mohammad Yaqoob, PARC, Pakistan
Cowpea
Population
KT projects
155m
16.5m
14.1m
16.7m
6.7m
9.3m
12.6m
24.7m
3.3m
21.5m
10.7m
19.7m
266m
FAO report 1999
Cowpea
Horsegram
Lablab
Stress
Tolerant
Orphan
Legumes
Marama
Moth bean
Rice bean
Bambara
Cowpea
Horsegram
Lablab
Stress
Tolerant
Orphan
Legumes
Marama
Moth bean
Lima bean
Pigeonpea
Rice bean
Marama bean
Moth bean
Dolichos lablab
SSR1
Title for SSR1 slide
RESPONSES OF RECOMBINANT
INBRED LINES OF COWPEA
[(VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP] TO
STRIGA GESNERIOIDES
INFESTATION IN GHANA
Aaron T. Asare
Isaac K. A. Galyuon
Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology,
University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
Francis K. Padi
Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG), New Tafo-Akim, Ghana
Emmanuel P. Otwe
Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology,
University of Cape Coast, Cape, Coast, Ghana
J.F. Takrama
Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG), New Tafo-Akim, Ghana