Cell Division and Mitosis
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Transcript Cell Division and Mitosis
Cell Division and Mitosis
Why is cell division important?
Growth
Replacement
Reproduction
Chromosomes
Structure
in the nucleus that contains
hereditary information.
Cell Cycle
Length
of time from formation of a cell
to the division of the cell.
2 parts:
– Interphase
– Mitosis
Interphase
The
cell:
– Grows
– Develops structures
– Copies hereditary info
Each chromosome duplicates and forms a
chromotid (pair of identical chromosomes
attached at the center by a centromere).
Mitosis
Nucleus
divides into two identical
nuclei.
Divided into:
–
–
–
–
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Prophase
Pairs of chromatids are visible.
The nucleolus disintegrates.
The nuclear membrane disintegrates.
In animals, two small structures, called
centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell.
Spindle fibers begin to stretch across the cell.
Prophase
Metaphase
Pairs
of chromatids line up across the
center of the cell.
The centromere of each pair becomes
attached to a spindle fiber from each
side of the cell.
Metaphase
Anaphase
Each
centromere divides.
Spindle fibers shorten.
Each half of the chromatid moves to
opposite sides of the cell.
Anaphase
Telophase
Spindle
fibers disappear.
Chromosomes uncoil.
New nuclei form.
Telophase
Division of the Cytoplasm
Animal
cell:
– Membrane pinches in the middle.
Plant
cell:
– A cell plate is laid down across the center
of the cell.
– New membranes form on each side of the
cell plate.
Cytokinesis
Reproduction
Process
by which an organism
produces others of its same kind.
2 types:
– Sexual
– Asexual
Asexual Reproduction
A new
organism is reproduced from one
organism.
The new organism is genetically
identical to the parent.
Examples:
– Potatoes
– Strawberries
Fission
Because
bacteria do not have nuclei
they cannot reproduce through mitosis.
During fission, the bacteria copies its
genetic information and than divides in
two.
Budding
The
adult grows a bud.
The bud eventually falls off and
becomes an organism.
Ex: hydra
Regeneration
Ability
to regrow body parts.
If cut in “half” each part will grow into a
new organism.
Ex: sponges, planaria, sea stars