Transcript Introduction to Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM

Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into
Coastal Zone Management
Presentation by:
Rahanna Juman and Kahlil Hassanali
Trinidad and Tobago
• Heavily dependent on resources and activities associated with
the coastal zone
• Economy sustained by the coastal and marine environment
• ≈70% of population and 80% of economic activities concentrated
along the coast
0.40%
50.80%
42.10%
Industry
Service sector
Agriculture
Source: Review of the Economy, 2014
Global Climate Change (GCC) and T&T
• Intensive coastal development in limited coastal zone
• Dense aggregations of infrastructure and people on the coast
places great stress on vulnerable locations
• GCC and climate variability exacerbate vulnerability
• To increase human and environmental resilience to GCC, T&T
needs to:
 Address social, economic and environmental issues
 Raise awareness
 Communicate future risk to local communities
 Plan
Ref: Nurse et al. 2014
Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)
• Steering Committee appointed in 2012
• Seeks to develop Integrated Coastal Zone Policy Framework,
Strategies and Action Plan
• IDB funded the Technical Cooperation (TC) for its project entitled
“Piloting the integration of climate change adaptation and
coastal zone management in Southwest Tobago”
Activities under the IDB funded TC
1.
Review of the legislative, policy, institutional and capacity
arrangements related to coastal zone management and
climate change
2.
Vulnerability and risk assessment for SW Tobago based on
different climate change scenarios
3.
Creation of a climate change adaptation response plan for SW
Tobago
4.
Development of guidelines for the incorporation of an
ecosystem based approach (EbA) into ICZM
1. Legal and Institutional Arrangement
Current situation
• No definition of coastal zone in Trinidad and Tobago’s legislature
• No specific legislation that addresses the issue of climate change
and/or ICZM
- 20 pieces of legislation that can potentially address ICZM
- 24 policies identified as touching on aspects of ICZM Plan
- 29 institutions having a defined legal and/or policy role
1. Legal and Institutional Arrangement
Challenges identified
• Overlapping jurisdiction and lack of proper co-ordination among
enforcement agencies
• Lack of access to sufficient resources
▫ Financial
▫ Human resources
• Little or no public awareness
1. Legal and Institutional Arrangement
Recommendations
An ICZM structure must be customised to:
▫ Meet the needs of Trinidad and Tobago
▫ Cater to the nature of its coastal areas
▫ Adhere to its institutional and governmental arrangements
▫ Accommodate its traditions, cultures and economic
conditions
2. Vulnerability and Risk Assessment
Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI)
Objective: “Develop vulnerability and risk assessment for Southwest
Tobago based on climate change scenarios”
• Risk to erosion and/or permanent or temporary flooding inundation
evaluated
• Potential impact to human and economic activities given event
probabilities
• Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) - RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 used for the predictive modelling of conditions in 2050 and 2100
Sample erosion extent map for Pigeon Point
Erosion potential in the SW Tobago based
on different climate change scenario
(Halcrow, 2015)
Flood inundation
risk to SW
Tobago under
various climate
change
scenarios
(Halcrow, 2015)
Outcomes
• Low lying areas of SW Tobago with established infrastructure
scored high on the CVI
• Many data gaps exist spatially and temporally
▫ Lack of Baseline Assessments (storm surge, coastal erosion)
▫ Model projections only as good as the data used
• Results of CVI were used to identify management response to
climate change - structural/ non-structural
3. CC Adaptation Response Plan
A. Maintain/restore wetlands and mangrove ecosystems
B. Maintain sediment transport
C. Preserve coastal land/developments (including infrastructure)
D. Maintain shorelines utilizing “soft” methods
E.
Maintain shorelines utilizing “hard” methods
F.
Preserve habitat for vulnerable species
G. Maintain water quality
4. EbA and the National ICZM Policy
• EbA aims to avoid poorly planned engineering
solutions for CCA
• ICZM represents a public planning process for
achieving the goals of EbA with increased
efficiency
• ICZM and EbA both provide a robust
framework to determine strategies and
measures for climate resilience
4. EbA and the National ICZM Policy
Guideline EbA Questions
• Who are the main stakeholders and ecosystems, and what are
the relationships between them?
• What is the structure and function of the ecosystems, and are
means in place to manage and monitor them?
• What are the important economic issues that will affect the
ecosystem and its inhabitants?
• What are the likely impacts of the ecosystem on an adjacent
ecosystem?
• What are the long-term goals, and have flexible ways of reaching
them been determined?
Coastal Behaviour Units for Tobago
Guide to Implementing EbA
Coastal Behaviour Unit B - Rocky Point to Pigeon Point
CBU Assessments - Recommendations
Coastal Behaviour Unit B – Rocky Point to Pigeon Point
Adaptation Response Title
Adaptation Response A: Maintain/restore wetlands and mangrove ecosystems;
Years 0–5 (2019)
wetland health and integrity within
Buccoo Bay is critical
longer term wetland health and
integrity within Buccoo Bay is critical
sediment supply within Mt Irvine
Bay is critical
longer term need to maintain
sediment supply within Mt Irvine Bay is
critical
part of a future ICZM Plan that
identifies clear setbacks, policies etc
Longer term land acquisition
programs.
short term “pilot” projects required to
learn successes
implementation of short term
“pilot” projects into the longer term within
the CBU
Adaptation Response B: Maintain sediment transport;
Adaptation Response C: Preserve coastal land/development (including
infrastructure);
Adaptation Response D: Maintain shorelines utilizing “soft” measures;
Adaptation Response E: Maintain shorelines utilizing “hard” measures;
short term asset protection at Mt
Irvine Bay only
Adaptation Response F: Preserve Habitat for Vulnerable Species;
Reef and mangrove conservation
programmes for marine species protection
Adaptation Response G: Maintain water quality
Current status
Important for tourism sector and
for the integrity of the wider marine
ecosystem
Existing Coastal Defences
Failed rock and concrete seaward
sloping concrete wall at Grange Bay
Preferred Adaptation Responses (see Table 1 for possible “Courses of
Action”).
Years 5-20 (2034)
A, B, C, D, F, G.
X
long term asset relocation at Mt
Irvine Bay
longer term reef and mangrove
conservation programmes for marine
species protection
Important for tourism sector and for
the integrity of the wider marine ecosystem
Vulnerability (people)
St Patrick Parish = 14,733 (2011Census).
No detailed break down exists for
communities/villages within this CBU.
Conclusion
• Climate Change Adaptation needs to be considered in ICZM
• The TC recommended process:
 Develop CVI
 Determine CCA response options/plans
 Implement CCA responses that best adhere to EbA
principles
• Process needs to be applied to areas throughout Trinidad and
Tobago
Thanks for your attention 
PIGEON POINT, TOBAGO (TAKEN BY J MCCUE SEPT 2014)