Transcript Ecology - Part 1

Ecology Module 1 – General Biology
– Characteristics of Ecosystems
• Introductory Vocabulary
• Nutritional Relationships
• Energy Relationships
• Please take notes on
This module and then
Begin the PBL project
At the end of the
Document.
ECOLOGY
Cool Fish
Animation
Ecosystems Song
• Mr. Parr
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GU
Y_-LK_lOc&feature=related
Ecology – Day 1 and 2
• Introduction to Ecology
• Buzzard Gulch Activity
• Begin Carbon Cycle Poster
Unit 2 Vocab
• Please see the list that I have given you!
• It is also listed on Edmodo
Climate Change
Carbon Footprint
Monitoring Climate Change Video Clip
Climate Change Basics
Ecological Organization
• Ecology
- relationships
between
organisms and
their
environment
Characteristics of
Ecosystems
• Requirements
– Constant flow of energy from the sun
– Cycle of materials
• Abiotic Factors of Ecosystems
(nonliving)
– Light, temperature, water, soil, gases, pH
– Also called limiting factors
• Biotic Factors of Ecosystems (living)
– Trees, animals, fungi, bacteria
Biotic Vs. Abiotic
Biotic Factors
Species
·Organisms that look alike and can mate among
themselves.
Population
• all members of a species living in a
particular location
Community
• interacting populations (white tail
deer, maple trees, coral reef, etc.)
Ecosystem
• members of a community and
their physical environment
• The organisms
plus:
–
–
–
–
Water
Temperature
Sunlight
pH
Community
How does a community differ from a population?
An ecosystem?
Habitat vs. Niche
• Habitat
– environment in
which an organism
lives
• Niche
– the role a species
fills in its habitat
(what it eats, where
it lives)
Niche
NC State Bird
coyote
What is
this bird?
NC State Mammal
wolf
Symbiotic Relationships - living
together in close association
• Mutualism
– both organisms benefit
• Parasitism
– 1 organism benefits, the other is harmed
Symbiosis Song
• Mr. Parr
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1zL
TwQklddc&feature=related
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria are
an example of mutualism!
• Nitrogen Fixation – Seven Wonders of
the Microbe World
Mutualism
Lichens – algae
And fungi
Figure 31.17 Anatomy of a lichen
Mutualism
A remarkable 3-way mutualism
appears to have evolved between an
ant, a butterfly caterpillar, and an
acacia in the American southwest.
The caterpillars have nectar organs
which the ants drink from, and the
acacia tolerates the feeding
caterpillars. The ants appear to
provide some protection for both
plant and caterpillar.
Figure 28.x1 Trichonympha
These guys are found in the digestive tract of
termites – they digest cellulose for termites!
Mutualism: Sea Turtles and
Yellow Tang
• The yellow tang eat algae off the
turtle!
Parasitism - Tapeworm
Parasitism - Athletes Foot
Parasites – Bed bugs
http://www.youtub
e.com/watch?v=
WfKCcSPCOQo
Pesticide resistance
contributes to the challenge
of controlling this pest.
Tomato Horn Worm
This is the Braconid wasp
that parasitizes the
caterpillar.
This is the moth that
the tomato horn worm
becomes if it doesn’t
get parasitized!
Tomato Horn Worm Video
List the various symbiotic
relationships
Reef Symbiosis
• Zombie
snails
Complex Symbiotic
Relationships
Zombie Ants
Parasitic Wasps
Be able to discuss the interactions of
this complex symbiotic system.
Nutritional Relationships
• Autotrophs
– make their own food (plants)
– Also called producers
Nutritional Relationships
•
•
Heterotrophs
– eat autotrophs and other organisms
– Also called consumers
– Examples are animals, fungi, protists, and bacteria
Types of Heterotrophs:
– Herbivores
• eat plants
– Carnivores
• eat animals
– Predators
» hunt
– Scavengers
» feed on animals they haven’t killed
– Omnivores
• eat plants and animals
Didinium eating Paramecia
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZ7wv
2LhynM
Energy Flow Relationships
• Producers
– plants (autotrophs)
• Consumers
– animals (heterotrophs)
• Primary – eat producers
• Secondary – eat primary consumers
• Tertiary – eat producers and primary consumers
• Decomposers
– Break down dead organisms
• (bacteria and fungi)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Brook Trout – Why are they endangered?
Red-cheeked Salamander – Why are they endangered?
Hemlock and Fraser Fir Trees – What is happening to them?
Reintroduction of the Elk in the Smokies – has it been
successful?
Migratory Songbirds and calcium limitations – What is
happening to them?
Indiana Bat – Why are they endangered?
Carolina Northern Flying Squirrel – Why are they
endangered?
Spruce-Fir Moss Spider – Why do we care that they are
endangered?
Reintroduction of Smoky Madtoms – has it been
successful?
Reintroduction of Peregrine Falcons – has it been
successful?
PBL Task #1
• Use as many of the Ecology terms we just learned to
discuss your topic with your partner. Relate this
discussion to the Smoky Mountains and climate change
as best you can. Pay attention to ground-level ozone
and acid rain as you do your research.
• Here are some things I am looking for:
– What community do they live in?
• Please show a picture of their community.
– What is their niche in their habitat?
– Do they have a symbiotic relationship with any other
organisms?
PBL Task #1
– The next 2 bullets are answered according to the
type of organism you have chosen:
• Heterotrophs:
– Tell me about their nutritional relationships…which
type of heterotroph are they?
– Discuss their main food source
– If anything happening to their main food source
that would make them threatened/endangered?
• Autotrophs:
– Is their population declining or rising?
– Give reasons why.
– Give me any other information you feel is
important to this point.
PBL Task #1 - continued
• Type this information into a presentation
document….it can be a google presentation,
a Prezi or something else that your group
chooses. I would recommend that you use
some type of sharing software so that you
will be able to work on it at your respective
homes.
• Use reliable internet sources and be sure to
copy and paste the links into your
document.
Schoology Ecology
Assignments
• Make sure you understand ALL of the concepts
you have just covered in this module.
• If you do not, please go back through it and ask
any questions needed. You can also check out the
Reviewing Biology – Ecology Folder on Schoology.
See the Part 1 – Characteristics of Ecosystems File.
• You can then do Schoology Ecology Assignment #1
on Characteristics of Ecosystems
• You can then begin Ecology Module #2