Transcript Societal Security and the Arctic

SOCIETAL SECURITY
AND THE ARCTIC
Margrét Cela
Project manager
Centre For Arctic Policy Studies
University of Iceland
IIA Summer School - 26 June, 2013
Definitions
• Securitization
• Gives the state a stronger role and stronger powers in handling a
given challenge
• De-securitization
• Lifts the emergency mode of that challenge
• Politicization
• Challenges are put into political debate
Definitions – State/national security
"The distinctive meaning of national security means
freedom from foreign dictation.“ (Harold Lasswell, 1950)
"National security... is best described as a capacity to
control those domestic and foreign conditions that the
public opinion of a given community believes necessary to
enjoy its own self-determination or autonomy, prosperity
and wellbeing.“ (Charles Maier, 1990)
Definitions – Human security
Common basic definition: Freedom from fear
„Human security is far more than the absence of violent
conflict. It encompasses human rights, good governance
and access to economic opportunity, education and health
care. It is a concept that comprehensively addresses
freedom from fear and freedom from want.” (UN Trust Fund
for Human Security, 2007)
Human security is concerned about how the everyday
security of ordinary people is affected by such things as
climate change and pollution... (Lassi Heininen, 2010)
What is Societal Security?
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Natural disasters
Food security
Infrastructure
Diseases
Cyber attacks
Organized crime
Terrorism
Overpopulation
Mass migration
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Economic crises
Political crises
Equality
Pollution
Trust in authorities
Dependency on
import/export
• Energy security
• Human recourses
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Societal security and the Arctic
• Climate change
• Natural disasters
• Globalisation
• Food security
• Increased International
• Infrastructure
Interest
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• Securitization
• De-securitization
• Politicization
• Diseases
• Pollution
• Mass migration
• Trust in authorities
• Dependency on
import/export
• Energy security
For discussion
How is it dfferent for small states and large states to tackle
these societal/human challenges?