Transcript Synthesis of needs for technologies for adaptation as

Needs for technologies for
adaptation as expressed in TNAs,
National Communications and other
national reports
Iulian Florin Vladu
Technology Sub-programme
Sustainable Development Programme
UNFCCC
June 2005
Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago
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SOURCES OF INFORMATION

Information on needs for technologies for adaptation to
climate change is provided by Parties in several
reports:
 National communications of Annex I and non-Annex I Parties
 Technology needs assessments (TNAs)
 National adaptation programme of actions (NAPAs)

Needs are expressed also indirectly through
multilateral and bilateral assistance
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THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS OF
ANNEX I PARTIES
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NC3 provided strategic adaptation priorities over the next
decades. However, potential adaptive measures identified have
been very limited and sector specific

Most Parties presented a set of strategies for vulnerable sectors
and areas where planning horizons are 30–50 years, such as
coastal and river flood defence, coordinated approach to
infrastructure planning, water resources, forestry and agriculture
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An increasing focus on integrated assessments to include
economic and cross-sectional analysis of adaptation options

Planning for climate change and implementing adaptation
strategies is regionally based, such as State, provincial or local
governments

Access to information, guidelines and policy advice is essential
(briefings, seminars, written material, and web-based information)
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NC3 - WATER RESOURCES
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Various initiatives are under consideration such as
 Water conservation, controlled management of surface water
and groundwater
 Greater emphasis on planning and preparedness for droughts
and severe floods
 Establishment of national monitoring systems for water
quality and quantity
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The United Kingdom reported that climate change
projections are taken into account in strategies and
plans for water resources management
 Catchment abstraction management and maintenance of
water supplies in drought conditions
 Incentives and penalties to encourage more efficient use of
water
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NC3 - FORESTRY

Many Parties reported on adaptation options for
forestry and indicated various forestry management
projects including:
 Changing harvest schedules and adjusting replanting and
species including conservation of the genetic resources of
forests
 Introducing measures to prevent and combat pests and
parasites
 Putting other measures in place to improve the stability and
autonomous adjustment of forest stand to changing natural
conditions
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NC3 - AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY

A large range of potential adaptation options that will vary
depending on the climatic changes involved and on non-climactic
factors such as the economy, policies, environment and
technological development. Options highlighted include:
 More efficient irrigation systems
 Development of new crop varieties that are temperature and moisture
tolerant
 Land-use changes and different farming systems
 Changes in the regulation of soil water regimes
 Changes in plant nutrition
 Protection of livestock from high temperatures
 Application of livestock breeding systems which will allow reduction
of the influence of extreme climatic conditions on production and
health of livestock
 Modifying subsidy, support and incentive programmes to influence
farm-level production and management practices

Adaptation policies for agriculture should encourage flexibility of
land use, crop production and farming systems
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NC3 - HUMAN HEALTH

Potential adaptation measures reported in the NC3
include:
 Strengthening public health programmes (education and
vaccination programmes),
 Supporting methods for early detection of climate-changerelated health impacts
 Developing surveillance systems to detect changes in the
occurrence of infectious diseases

The Russian Federation indicated the need to establish
a federal database of historical statistics and data on
the health of its population and the environmental
factors affecting it
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NC3 - FLOOD AND COASTAL DEFENCE
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The United Kingdom reported that guidance provided
by government to flood defence authorities in England
and Wales includes allowances for sea-level rise and
higher river flows as a result of climate change
Climate change and sea-level rise projections are being
used in land-use planning, for preparing long-term
shoreline management plans, and river and catchment
flood management plans.
Several Parties (Canada, Germany, France,
Liechtenstein, Netherlands, Norway, United Kingdom,
United States) reported on the allocation of additional
financial resources for improvements to flood warning
dissemination, flood prevention and coastal protection
infrastructure
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NC3 - FISHERIES

Possible adaptation options for this sector:
 Modifying and strengthening fishery operations and fish
monitoring programmes to prevent overfishing and ensure
sustainable harvesting
 Enhancing fish breeding to preserve the genetic diversity of
fish populations; restocking areas with robust species
 Taking into consideration fish habitat needs in planning and
coastal development
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NC3 - INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICE SECTORS
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Several countries reported that greater emphasis has
been placed on the protection of infrastructure (e.g.
Liechtenstein, United Kingdom, United States)
Some Parties cited the revision of building codes and
regulations to reflect new climate change conditions as
being an important adaptation option in the short term
The United Kingdom reported that climate change
projections are now used in reviewing building and
infrastructure regulations, including technical
revisions that may be required to address climate
change impacts
Some Parties mentioned other adaptation measures
such as incorporating climate change into land use,
community and transportation planning
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NC3 - BILLATERAL ASSITANCE
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Projects in the forestry sector seek to improve forest
management, create protected areas and increase afforestation.
Aid in the agriculture sector is directed to facilitating sustainable
land-use, soil management, and protection against desertification.
Integrated coastal zone management, protection against sea-level
rise and capacity-building, receive most of the support targeted to
adaptation.
Examples are the French Fund for the Global Environment (FFEM),
the Netherlands Climate Change Studies Assistance Programme
(NCCSAP), the German initiative “Protecting the future through
climate protection”, Canada’s Climate Change Action Fund.
The United States described three major bilateral initiatives: the
U.S. Initiative on Joint Implementation, the U.S. Country Studies
Program and the Climate Change Initiative.
The European Community indicated its numerous programmes of
bilateral cooperation in a wide range of sectors relevant to climate
change to support Accession countries.
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NC3 - BILLATERAL ASSITANCE

Described projects aimed at
 Assessments of vulnerability, disaster preparedness, and
response and risk management
 Integrated water management,
 Prevention of desertification,
 Support of meteorological networks and monitoring of
extreme weather events
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Much of the bilateral assistance was directed toward
sustainable forestry management and agriculture and
would also facilitate adaptation to climate change
The ongoing effort of OECD countries to develop a set
of “markers” to distinguish between climate-related
funding and other environment-related funding in the
OECD/DAC statistics, could provide additional relevant
information on bilateral aid targeted to adaptation
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NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS OF NONANNEX I PARTIES - C&S OF 99 NCs
Compilation
and syhthesis
(C&S)
1
2
3
4
5
Decision Documenty symbol
12/CP.4
7/CP.5
3/CP.6
30/CP7
2/CP.8
FCCC/SBI/1999/1
FCCC/SBI/200/15
FCCC/SBI/2001/14
FCCC/SBI/2002/8
FCCC/SBI/2002/16
FCCC/SBI/2003/13
Total
No. of
NAI
Parties
11
16
25
31
16
99
Work is on-going for preparation of C&S 6 for COP 11
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90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Others
Human
health
Coastal
zones and
marine
ecosystems
Terestrial
ecosystems
(forests)
Water
resources
Agriculture
and food
security
MAIN VULNERABILITY SECTORS
C&S OF 99 NCs
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V&A UNDER THE UNFCCC – C&S OF 99 NCs
Vulnerable sectors
Need to
adapt
Developing country
region
Africa
Very high
Agriculture
Water resources
Asia
High
Agriculture
Terrestrial ecosystems
Latin America
High
Agriculture
Water resources
Small island
developing states
Very high
Water resources
Coastal zone (sea level rise)
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INFORMATION ON COOPERATION PROJECTS
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TECHNOLOGY NEEDS ASESSMENTS - TNAs
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Provided support to non-Annex I Parties to conduct
technology needs assessments (TNAs)
 Some 80 TNAs conducted with support from UNDP
 Some 15 TNAs conducted with support from UNEP

UNDP prepared a guidebook on Conducting
technology needs assessments for climate change

Started to work on summarizing the results of the
TNAs completed so far
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TNA – EXAMPLES - ALBANIA
Options
Water resources:
Modification of existing physical infrastructure;
Construction of new infrastructure;
Water pollution control;
Improvement of the monitoring and forecasting
system for flood and drought;
Drafting and approval of new legislation for water
use;
Setting a real price for water use;
Implementation of the Integrated Coastal Zone
Management.
=> Technologies for adaptation to climate change
1
2
3
4
Water
Flood warning and emergency response
Monitoring of sea and shoreline
Modernization of the hydraulic laboratories
GIS
5 Satellite remote sensing
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TNA – EXAMPLES - ALBANIA
Options
=> Technologies for adaptation to climate change
Agriculture:
Agriculture
Afforestation and the setting up of the barriers to protect the 1 Introduction of vacuum packaging for food preservation
arable land threatened by soil erosion and alteration;
Planning of agricultural production toward xerophilic crops 2 Use of thermal insulating material in farmhouse construction
to allow adaptation to the higher winter and summer
temperatures and to the scarcity of water in summer.
Agricultural development should be adjusted towards
species that would adapt best to the e
A significant improvement of irrigation systems.
3 Introduction of salt tolerant and drought resistant plant species in
arid areas.
4 Setting up of an network “alert” system for the identification of vector
borne diseases in farm animals
5 Application of contour cropping to slope
6 “Alert” system for the early warning of abnormal toxic phytoplankton
growth and bio toxins in seawater and bivalve mollusks.
7 Land levelling
8 Application of minimum tillage
9 Advancement of sowing dates
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TNA – EXAMPLES - ALBANIA
Forestry (options)
Formulation of the Sustainable Forest
Development Strategy;
Preparation and implementation of the studyresearch programs for forest management;
Forestry (technologies)
1 Preparation of Sustainable Development Projects for 10
coastal districts
2 Preparing of management plans for 27 forest units of 10
coastal units that take climate change into consideration.
Increasing of the protected forest area;
Reducing the illegal cuttings;
Increasing of the investments to implement more
actions in existing forests;
Implementation of the actions to increase the
existing forest productivity;
Increasing of the forest area through reforestation;
3 Study and experimentation on cultivation systems.
4 Study of desertification scale, due of fires.
5 Experimentation on rehabilitation of burned forest area.
Monitoring of the forest health;
Studying and monitoring the fire situation in
forests;
Reduction of the wood consumption for energy.
6 Study of genetically variation among forest tree species
and inside each species.
7 Fast-growing species to adapt in new conditions
8 Study and experimentation on rehabilitation of degraded
forests
9 Implementation of projects for rehabilitation of the
degraded forest area through conversion of coppice
forests to high stem forests with the same species in an
area a fast-growing species. Reforestation of the eroded
lands and refused agriculture lands,
10 Study and experimentation on rehabilitation of degraded
forests
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TNA – EXAMPLES - MAURITIUS
Coastal Zones
Coastal Zones (technologies in use)
Coastal Zones (projects)
Retreat
Hard engineering
River Management Project
Replacement Casements (alternative casements such as coastal access roads may need to be rearranged far in advance of their erosion / submergence)
Sea walls
Setback Building Distance (a buffer zone between the shoreline and permanent structures, which protect properties in the event of sea level rise and more frequent
flooding. It should not be uniform and will depend on coastal type.
Groynes
Marine Parks
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Accommodate
Inland flood defences (essentially the creation of a new coastal strip to reduce vulnerability to more frequent flooding)
Flood warning systems (systems to provide real-time forecasts of high tides, surges and wave overtopping)
Islets
Gabions
Monitoring
Breakwaters
Mangrove Re-plantation
Soft Engineering
Better management of rain / waste water (various technologies related to drainage and sewer schemeswill need to be introduced to improve management of rain and
wastewater. This will reduce potential geo-technical erosion and recession problems)
Integrated Resort Scheme
Beach nourishment,
Awareness Programme
Building with nature techniques
Protect
2
Building with 'nature' techniques (building with nature techniques includes the creation, maintenance or restoration of wetlands, marshlands and dune systems)
3
Stimulate growth of coral reefs naturally or artificially (it involves the creation of appropriate media for corals to
grow upon)
Artificial reefs
Integrated Coastal Zone Management
Hand-placed rock sea walls (hand placed rocks to form sea walls are a common line of protection used. Placed correctly and maintained, they have been demonstrated
to be an effective technology)
Gabions (They are low-cost wire or plastic baskets filled with local materials. The baskets are placed together as building blocks to form structures that act as a last line
of defence against high waves associated with storms)
Groynes (They are structures placed perpendicularly to the shore to trap sediments often in direct response to an acute erosion problem)
Revertments (It is a slope consisting of loose or inter-locking nature, which provides protection to banks or cliffs made up of erodable material)
Bulkheads and seawalls (They are retaining walls made of concrete or interlocking rocks, whose primary purpose is to hold or prevent sliding of terrain while providing
protection from light to moderate wave action)
Breakwaters (they are double-sided structures with water on both sides, used to dissipate wave and current energy. They are made with large amount of rocks and other
special construction material)
Storm surge barriers (They are sophisticated coastal defence structures that can protect tidal inlets, rivers and estuaries from occasional surge events)
Flooding and storm drains (They are technologies to manage the run-off of rainwater and can prevent serious erosion during storms)
1
Beach nourishment
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INFORMATION ON COOPERATION PROJECTS
FROM NAPAs
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Thank you!
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