Transcript MITOSIS REVIEW

MITOSIS REVIEW
Chapter 10 Test
ESSAY #1
• How is cancer related to the cell
cycle?
•
Do not have a normally
functioning cell cycle
How are cancer cells different
from most cells?
• Divide excessively and can
invade other tissue
Tumor
• Abnormal mass of cells
• Skin
Lung
Benign Vs. Malignant
• Benign-mass
of normal
cells
• Malignantcancerous and
can spread
to other cells
Metastasis
• Spread of cancer
cells beyond
their original site
• Cancer cells metastasis
• animation
Metastasis of prostate tumor cells
• Into bone cells
Carcinogens
• Any substance involved in the
promotion of cancer:
• gamma rays, X-rays, UV rays
• Dioxin (pesticide)
• Tobacco smoke
• Asbestos
• HPV virus
ESSAY #2
• STEM CELLS
• Cells that can turn into almost any
kind of cell (not yet differentiated).
• Formed a few days after an egg
and sperm join.
• From
embryos
• Adult
stem
cells
• Cord
Blood
Stem Cell Animations
• "How Embryonic Stem Cell Lines are
Made" Biology Animation Library :: Dolan
DNA Learning Center
• Stem Cell Animation
Essay #2 (cont.) SOURCES
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Umbilical cord blood
Fetal tissue
Adult bone marrow
Embryonic stem cells
Essay #2 (cont.) PROS
• treat disorders like
spinal damage,
Parkinson’s
disease, leukemia
• Make heart and
nerve tissue in the
lab
Essay #2 CONS
• Use embryos (kill them) Click on Creating Stem Cells
• Don’t have a lot of success yet
• Who funds it (private v. government)
1. Sexual and Asexual
• ASEXUAL
• One parent
• Two Identical
offspring
• SEXUAL
• Two parents
• 4 different offspring
2. Chromatin, chromosomes,
chromatids (all DNA + protein)
• Interphase – loose chromatin
• Prophase –tightly coiled sister chromatids
form through metaphase
• Anaphase + Telophase –sister
chromatids separate to single
chromosomes
3. Nucleosomes and Histones
• 8 histone proteins
are wrapped with
chromosomes to
tightly coil into
chromatids
• Histones +
chromosomes =
nucleosome
•
DNA packaging, 3D animation with
advanced narration and labels ::
Dolan DNA Learning Center
4. Asexual Reproduction
• Prokaryotes
• (no nucleus)
• Binary fission
• Eukaryotes
• (nucleus)
• mitosis
5. Phases of Mitosis
• PMAT
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Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
6. Nuclear Envelope Changes
• Prophase = nuclear envelope dissolves
• Telophase = nuclear envelope reforms
How could
you tell
them apart?
7. Diff
• Cytokinesis
= Division of the
cytoplasm
• Mitosis
= Division of
nucleus
8. Cytokinesis
• Animal Cells
• Cleavage furrow
• Plant Cells
• Cell Plate
9. G1+ S + G2 = Interphase
• G1 = organelle growth (mitochondrion,
chloroplasts), and growth of cell
• S = DNA synthesis (replication)
• G2 = centriole and spindle growth, and
growth of cell
10. Locate on a dividing cell:
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Chromatids
Centrioles
Centromeres
Spindle fibers
Asters
10. Locate on a dividing cell:
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Chromatids
Spindle
fibers
• Centromeres
Asters
•
Centrioles
centrioles
chromatids
• Asters
• Spindle fibers
centromeres
11. What makes chromatids move
to poles?
• Contraction
of spindle
fibers
• spindle contraction
videos
12. What are cyclins (and Cdk’s)?
• Protein
regulators of
the cell cycle
13. Cells Dividing
• A lot
• Blood
• Skin
• Digestive tract
• Not after
formed
• Nerve
• Muscle
13. B Cancer Cells
• Cancer cells due to an abnormal cell cycle
• Cells grow abnormally and do not stop, even if
there are too many
Breast cancer
cells
What phase?
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Chromatin thickens?
Prophase
Nuclear envelope disappears
Prophase
Nuclear envelope reappears
telophase
What phase?
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Centrioles move to opposite poles
Prophase
Spindle fibers form
Prophase
Cell plate forms
Cytokinesis/Telophase
Which phase?
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Chromosomes line up at the equator
metaphase
Cytoplasm divides
Cytokinesis/Telophase
Nucleoli break down
Prophase
Nucleoli reform
Telophase
15. As the cell increases in size
• The surface area to volume ratio
• decreases
16. Why do cells divide?
• cell membrane could not
keep up with bringing in
enough oxygen/nutrients
• DNA can’t keep up
17. How many chromosomes
• Are in each human body cell?
• 46
18. How many times is the
reduction
• In length of the chromatid than it
is in the chromosome form?
• 10,000 times
19. A cell spends what % of time in
interphase?
• 90%
20. What is the purpose of p53?
• It is the tumor suppressor gene.
p53 animation + Rediscovering
Biology - Animation Archive
• It checks that the DNA is OK. If
not, it repairs it or kills the cell.
• IF it is faulty, it leads to a lot of
cancer.
21. How does a cell respond to
growth
• When it comes in
contact with
other cells?
• Stops
growing