Transcript Impacts of Climate Change

Integrated National and
Regional Approaches to
Climate-Smart Agriculture in
the Caribbean
Brussels, 27 September 2012
Carlos Fuller
International and Regional Liaison
Officer
The Caribbean Community
Climate Change Centre
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Endorsed by the CARICOM Heads of Government
in July 2002
An intergovernmental specialized agency of
CARICOM with an independent management that is
guided by
The CARICOM Council of Trade and Economic
Development (COTED) on policy matters.
A board of directors with responsibility for
strategic planning.
A technical secretariat headed by an Executive
Director with responsibility for tactical planning.
•
The Centre is mandated to coordinate the regional
response to climate change and its efforts to
manage and adapt to its projected impacts.
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The Centre possesses full juridical personality.
•
Financially independent
Development of the
Centre started in
January 2004
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Centre became fully
operational
July 2005
Located in
Belmopan, Belize
Members
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Antigua and Barbuda
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Bahamas
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Barbados
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Belize
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Dominica
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Grenada
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Guyana
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Haiti
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Jamaica
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Suriname
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Saint Lucia
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St. Kitts and Nevis
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St. Vincent & the
Grenadines
Trinidad and Tobago
Functional Organogram
TECHNICAL
SECRETARIAT
The Centre coordinates the regional
response to climate change and is the
key node on climate change issues and
the Caribbean's efforts to manage and
adapt to climate change
INTERNATIONAL
COLLABORATING
INSTITUTIONS
OTHER CARICOM
SUPPORTING
INSTITUTIONS
CARIBBEAN
DISASTER
EMERGENCY
RESPONSE
AGENCY
UNIVERSITY
OF THE
WEST INDIES
CARIBBEAN AGRICULTURAL
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
INSTITUTE
CARIBBEAN
ENVIRONMENTAL
HEALTH
INSTITUTE
UNIVERSITY
OF
BELIZE
CARIBBEAN INSTITUTE
OF
METEOROLOGY AND HYDROLOGY
CUBA INSTITUTE
OF
METEOROLOGY
UNIVERSITY
OF
LOUISVILLE
JAPAN INSTITUTE
OF
METEOROLOGY
UK MET SERVICE
HADLEY CENTRE
POTSDAM INSTITUTE
FOR CLIMATE IMPACT
STUDIES
UN INSTITUTE
FOR
TRAINING & RESEARCH
FLORIDA
INTERNATIONAL
UNIVERSITY
MACC Project
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2004 – 2008
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GEF Funded
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Implemented by the World Bank
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Executed by CARICOM Secretariat and CCCCC
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Regional and pilot components
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Climate Modelling
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Vulnerability Assessments and Policy Interventions

Pilot vulnerability assessment in agriculture in Guyana
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Rice, sugar & livestock
Modeling Activities
Belize:
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Sept 25-29, 2006
The GCM’s resolution of 300
km cannot resolve the small
islands of the Caribbean.
The Centre is collaborating with
other institutions in the use of
downscaling regional models
(25 & 50 km resolutions) to look
at future climate scenarios.
Collaborating Institutions
include:
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Hadley Centre
University of the West Indies
INSMET in Cuba
CATHALAC in Panama
Cuba: Dec 4 – 10, 2006
Network of Downscaling
Activities
Cuban Institute of
Meteorology
(INSMET)
University of the
West Indies –
Mona (Jamaica)
University of the
West Indies – St.
Augustine (Trinidad
and Tobago)
Caribbean
Community
Climate Change
Centre
University of the
West Indies –
Cave Hill
(Barbados)
CATHALC Panama
Examples of Experiments
Completed
Driving conditions
No.
(25 km)
GHG
Scenario
LBCs
Data
Domain
Resolutio
n
Period
1
ERA15
Big Caribbean
50 km
19791983
2
ERA40
Big Caribbean
50 km
19791993
3
HadAM3
H
Big Caribbean
50 km
19611990
4
SRES A2
HadAM3
H
Big Caribbean
50 km
20712100
5
SRES B2
HadAM3
H
Big Caribbean
50 km
20712100
6
SRES A2
ECHAM4
Big Caribbean
50 km
19612100
7
SRES B2
ECHAM4
Big Caribbean
50 km
19612100
8
SRES A2
ECHAM4
Eastern
Caribbean
25 km
19612100
9
SRES B2
ECHAM4
Eastern
Caribbean
25 km
19612100
10
SRES A2
ECHAM4
Western
Caribbean
25 km
19612100
11
SRES B2
ECHAM4
Western
Caribbean
25 km
19612100
Mean changes in the annual surface
temperature for 2071-2099 period
ECHAM 4- A2
ECHAM 4 – B2
HADCM3 – A2
HADCM3 – B2
Annual mean changes in
precipitation (%) for
2071-2099
ECHAM4 – A2
HADCM3 – A2
ECHAM4 – B2
HADCM3 – B2
Biophysical principles
GCMs
PRECIS/HADCM3
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Funded by Commonwealth
Secretariat, the sub-regional
office of the Food and
Agriculture Organization (FAO)
in Barbados and UNDP’s
Caribbean Risk Management
Initiative (CRMI)
MagicC/Scengen
WOFOST (4.1&7.1.2)
DSSAT
Held at the University of Guyana utilizing a “Hands on Approach”
Approximately 40 participants from 17 countries
Outputs of the Workshop
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Workbook on Climate Change Impact
Assessment in Agriculture – Roger E. Rivero
Vega, April 2008
Vulnerability assessment of sugar and citrus
sectors for Belize’s Second National
Communication to the UNFCCC
Vulnerability assessment and national
adaptation strategy in the agriculture sector for
Guyana (MACC Project)
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Prepared by
Guysuco
Methodology
developed by NOAA
(Pulwarty, 2004)
Vulnerability Studies on
Agriculture in Belize
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2008
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PRECIS, DSSAT4 and Cropwat
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Sugarcane and Citrus
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2028 & 2050
1 & 2.5°C rise in temp
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± 12 & 20% change in precipitation
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Result: 12-17% decline in yields for sugarcane
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Result: 3 – 5% decline in yields for citrus
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Workshop on Use of Biophysical
Models for Climate Impact Studies in
Agriculture
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Objective: Train agricultural professional staff of
CARDI
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Funded by UNITAR
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Facilitated by staff from INSMET (Cuba)
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Approximately 25 staff from 13 Member States
attended
Held in Trinidad and Tobago from 17 – 28
August 2009
Resource material: “Workbook of Climate
Change Impacts Assessments in Agriculture”
xt Regional CCCCC Activity with CARDI:
allation of Automatic Weather Stations in
CARDI research plots in the Caribbean
Introduction of Irrigation to
Milton, Dominica
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Pilot component of SPACC
Objective: Establish a pilot project to inform and
encourage adaptation measures to changing climatic
conditions among farmers /producers with a consistent
and reliable supply of water through the implementation of
an irrigation system
Area extensively cultivated with citrus intercropped with
other cash crops such as yams, pineapples, plantains,
dasheen and vegetables
Introduction of protected agriculture within the area and in
other areas in the country has begun to demonstrate the
usefulness of this approach in removing the uncertainty
associated in predicting production seasons
Milton Irrigation Scheme
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Modification of the cropping environment
requires that key inputs such as water, be
readily available in sufficient quantities, to be
applied to the plant when required. Thus,
irrigation system is viewed as being a very
important to in maintaining food security within
the current changes in climate
The propose irrigation scheme is intended to
serve 20 Ha of agricultural land in the Milton
area which presently receives 100% of their
crop water requirement from rainfall.
Milton Irrigation Scheme
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If 50% the total acreage to be irrigated is to be
cultivated with Bananas then based on an
average area yield of 9 tonnes per acre, the
provision of irrigation would cause an increase
of an additional 2 tonnes per acre i.e. an
additional 50 tonnes.
This would have significant impact on the level
of production nationally and the viability of the
Fair-trade Banana Industry.
Developments
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July 2009 in Guyana: Regional Heads of
Government approved the “Regional
Framework for Achieving Development
Resilient to Climate Change”
March 2012 in Suriname: Regional Heads
approved the Implementation Plan
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Strategic approach for coping with climate change
for the period 2011-2021
Implementation Plan
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Liliendaal Declaration provides the vision of
transformational change in our response to the
challenges of a changing climate
Drives the Regional Framework’s Five Strategic
Elements and 20 nested goals
Element 4: Promote Actions to Reduce the
Vulnerability of Natural and Human Systems to
the Impacts of a Changing Climate
Resource mobilization to meet the challenge
through the “Three Ones” Principle

One plan, one coordinating mechanism, one M&E
system
Sectors Identified in the
Regional Framework
Coastal
and
marine
Tourism
Energy
Water
Health
Forest
Agriculture
and food
security
Actions to: Limit the effects of
climate change on agriculture
and food security
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Develop and identify drought and flood-resistant and salt
and temperature tolerant varieties of staple and
commercial crops drawing upon local and indigenous
knowledge for commercial use by 2017
Expand extension and support services for farmers
Research and introduce indigenous and other breeds of
cattle, pigs, goats and poultry that are heat tolerant and
more fed efficient for commercial meat, milk and egg
production by 2020
Develop and make available to farmers grass, grain and
forage legume species to support the production of meat,
milk and eggs
Actions (continued)
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Develop and promote new and alternative food supplies
and/or sustainable production systems including
sustainable land management
Implement fiscal and other policies and incentives to allow
farmers and the private sector to invest in agriculture and
food production in the region, without infringement of
international trade regulations
Regional public education, awareness and outreach on
food, nutrition and health in the context of climate change;
and create an enabling environment to facilitate
behavioral change via fiscal incentives, etc.
Actions (continued)
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Develop and implement strategies to secure, store and
distribute food supplies and germplasm, particularly for
use during low production periods and at times of natural
and other disasters
Develop and institutionalize infrastructure and logistics to
support post-harvest handling, transportation, distribution
and marketing of food within and amongst individual
countries, based on needs and local conditions
Regional and emergency preparedness institutions to
become an integral part of the climate change adaptation
response strategy
Develop and implement policies and other measures to
promote investment in the processing of agricultural
products, to add value and variety to output for food and
other uses