Transcript For local authorities

OVERHEATING IN HOMES
Risk
Management
Strategies
___
FOR LOCAL
AUTHORITIES
Contents
___
1
Why do I need to worry about overheating?
2
Integrating overheating risk management
with other processes
3
Extent of overheating
4
Drivers of change
5
Impacts of overheating
6
What is your starting point?
2
Why do I need
to worry about
overheating?
___
Although the majority of the UK’s
Even if you feel confident there is little
existing building stock does not
chance of the properties you have
currently overheat, there are properties
responsibility for overheating now, that
with characteristics making them more
could change over time. You might
prone to high internal temperatures.
want to review this information anyway
Indeed, up to 20% of homes in England
to challenge your assessment.
may already overheat. As the climate
across the UK changes in the coming
decades, overheating is expected to
become much more common.
If you have concerns about
overheating, or you’re not sure whether
you need to act, then the questions and
pointers in this pack, together with
As a local authority, it is worth
expert advice, should assist you in
considering whether your level of
deciding how to proceed.
exposure to this risk is low, medium or
high, and what strategies you might
implement to manage the risk now, and
for the coming decades.
3
Who is this pack for?
Those with responsibility for…
___
Sustainability, climate change
and environmental policy
Post occupancy research
Asset managers
Specification and construction
of new homes
Environmental health
Planning teams
Maintenance teams
4
How to use this pack
___
This pack has been produced in
The pack is part of a suite of short, non-
References to guidance documents on
PowerPoint format. You many choose
technical publications intended to
the design/technical measures that can
simply to read through the information
provide guidance on the management of
physically help prevent overheating, or
and use the questions to prompt your
overheating risk. Our focus is on the
address it when it occurs, can be found
thinking, or you can adapt and add to the
processes and strategies organisations
in our sister pack “Introduction to
pack in order to present to others.
could choose to adopt. The information
Overheating”.
is not intended to be technical or legal
advice.
See www.zerocarbonhub.org
5
Objectives
___
1
What is your strategy?
Watching
brief
2
Strengthen
processes
3
Programme
of works
Why assess risk at the local level?
Because any strategy needs to take account of…
___
Whether the area you
operate in is
predominantly rural,
urban or a mixture
of both
The local climate
and climate change
profiles
Broader building
patterns, density and
aesthetic preferences
The expected profile of
your occupants
7
2
Some of the local authorities the Zero
Integration
___
value for money, but is likely to make
“[People’s] ability to
[adapt their
environment] will
depend on the
opportunities which the
building they inhabit
gives them to do so.”
overheating strategies more successful.
TECHNICAL EXPERT
Carbon Hub has worked with are seeking
to embed overheating risk management
into their existing processes, frameworks
and projects.
This not only makes sense in terms of
The following section provides examples
on this theme.
8
Heatwave
planning
___
As you will be aware, local authorities
We would like to stress that the
have responsibilities during heat waves
management of excess heat inside
to help protect local residents from the
homes should be seen as
effects of excess heat. These actions
complementary to heatwave planning.
are set out in the Heat Wave Plan for
England 2015.
Many cases of overheating occur
outside heatwave periods – and so
Planning for and responding to
there is a need to have on-going
heatwaves will continue to be
strategies to manage this risk.
necessary, especially as heat waves
are expected to become more frequent
and more intense in decades to come.
Vulnerable people, in particular, are
likely to seek refuge and relief from the
heat in their homes.
Investing in processes and measures
intended to reduce the likelihood of
homes overheating in the first place will
also help reduce the strain on local
services when heatwaves do occur.
By the 2040s a summer as hot as 2003, when over 2,000 excess heat-
related deaths occurred in England and Wales, is expected to be very
common – potentially every other year.
Research in France after the 2003 heat wave revealed that at least 50% of
the related deaths could have occurred due to exposure to heat in
people’s homes.
9
Energy
efficiency
___
There is an opportunity to integrate
For example, low energy lighting
steps you are taking to make buildings
reduces energy use and should also
more energy efficient with measures to
lower the level of internal heat gains.
limit the likelihood of future overheating.
Insulation can also help to keep heat
Similar to the problem of cold homes,
out of buildings, for example, by
simple changes to the design of
insulating roofs exposed to direct
dwellings, measures to reduce heat
sunlight.
gains, and advice for occupants can
help to prevent the problem of
overheating occurring. See the
“Solutions to Overheating in Homes”
For more information on risk factors see
our sister pack “An Introduction to
Overheating”.
evidence review for further pointers.
Certain solutions create win-wins by
simultaneously making homes more
energy efficient and helping to keep
them cool.
Designing for energy
efficiency and year-round
thermal comfort should go
hand-in-hand. See the
guidance above, produced by
DECC and the ARCC Network
10
“The construction industry has already made significant steps
towards tackling climate change through limiting the amount
of carbon emitted by developments (called ‘mitigation’)
predominantly via energy efficiency. ‘Adaptation’ to the
impacts of climatic changes is a parallel and complementary
action to reducing our greenhouse gas emissions.”
CIBSE TM 55
11
Financing
works
___
It is recognised that budget pressures
and commercial viability need to be
factored in to decision-making.
For example:
1. Should you include overheatingrelated provisions in contract
Like any risk, gathering information to
templates you already have for
decide whether heat-related risks need
suppliers?
to be given greater priority is a useful
exercise.
2. Should you “risk assess” new plans
and designs as they are updated?
Working through some simple, low-cost
steps you could take in the short term to
lower your, and your residents,
exposure to the impacts of heat could
lead to savings in the long run.
3. Should you ask residents how
comfortable they find their homes in
summer as well as winter as part of
your customer satisfaction surveys?
Design guides and contracts may
include simple qualitative requirements
to consider the potential for overheating
and taking steps to avoid it, or you
might decide that more detailed
provisions specifying specific outcomes
are needed.
Even if you think such steps are
not necessary at present, we
suggest it is worth thinking
Image by Gale and
Snowden
through your long-term strategy
12
3
It is useful to have a sense of the scale of
Extent
___
overheating at a national level to
understand to what extent it may need to
be prioritised within your organisation.
“We’ve put together a record
of all the [overheating]
complaints… but I think we
are only dealing with the
tip of the iceberg. Only
those who have got to the
point where they can’t
cope with it complain.
We might hear from 1
resident, but maybe we’ve
20 with a problem.”
HOUSING ASSOCIATION
13
Northern
Irleand
Yorkshire and
Humber
Scotland
North West
East of
England
North East
West Midland
East Midland
Wales
South West
national
___
South East
Extent of
overheating –
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
London
Of those that reported instances of overheating,
where did they operate?
Much of the available evidence on
This found that 53 (70%) out of a total
overheating comes from small-scale
of the 75 Housing Providers who
What monitoring can tell us
monitoring studies or interviews with
responded reported experiencing at
By monitoring internal
tenants and customers.
least one instance of overheating in
temperatures in different rooms
their housing stock in the last 5 years.
in homes, it is possible to
i.e. in dwellings they had built or now
understand whether and how
manage.
often a home is overheating.
Industry-led surveys further build up the
picture. For example, The Zero Carbon
Hub and Sustainable Homes carried
out an online Overheating Survey in
When asked, 41% of those Housing
2014.
Providers said they found out about the
issue through customer feedback or
complaints.
Collecting temperature data in
sample developments across
housing portfolios can also show
whether particular types of
property are more susceptible to
overheating.
14
Case Study
Small-scale
Monitoring
___
Location
The Development
What did the monitoring find?
Urban site in Newport (South Wales).
o Small two-bed, two-storey, end-of
Using CIBSE fixed temperature
Monitoring period
February 2011 to February 2013. The
summers of 2011 and 2012 were both
cooler than average. 2011 was the
coolest summer since 1993. Summer
2012 was exceptionally wet with almost
double the average rainfall.
How was the monitoring done?
Sensors were located in the living room
and both bedrooms.
terrace house occupied by three
thresholds, the living room did not
adults.
overheat. Temperatures only exceeded
o Constructed in the 1980s.
o Retrofitted during summer 2010
28 °C for 0.1% of the time. However, the
temperature exceeded 26 °C for 1.4% of
aiming to achieve 80% carbon
the time in the first bedroom (west-
emissions reductions.
facing) and for 9.8% of the time in the
o Included improved insulation, tripleglazing and on-site renewable energy
generation.
o Achieved improved air-tightness of
7.73 m³/ m² h @ 50 Pa.
o Whole-house MVHR system without
summer bypass.
(east-facing) second bedroom.
Both bedrooms were more prone to
overheating during the summer,
although the second was overheating
throughout the year. It was suspected
that this was due to heat losses from the
hot water tank cupboard sited in this
room, suggesting the need to think about 15
the position and the level of insulation.
Extent of
overheating –
A number of university-led studies have
The Energy Follow-up Survey carried
measured indoor temperatures in a
out for DECC also found that 20% of
larger sample of properties. This
the 2,616 households interviewed in
provides useful information on the scale
2010/11 in England had “difficulty
larger studies
___
of the issue at a national level.
keeping one or more rooms cool during
For example, one study carried out by
the summer months”.
Loughborough University monitored
Although any level of overheating is
nearly 200 unheated homes throughout
cause for concern, research to date
England of mixed dwelling type and age
suggests that, thankfully, only a very
during the summer of 2007. Despite this
small proportion of homes in England
being a relatively cool summer the team
may be reaching very high peak
found that 21% of bedrooms exceeded
temperatures for prolonged periods of
the temperature thresholds given for
time.
bedrooms in CIBSE Guide A (2006
edition): 26°C for more than 1% of
night-time hours (a measure of
overheating). The research team
described these rooms as being
“uncomfortably warm”.
More large-scale studies will be needed
to gain a fuller understanding of
overheating risk across the country, but
the information discovered to date
provides a useful starting point for
business planning.
When taken together, national studies suggest that up to 20% of
homes in England could already be overheating, even in
relatively cool summers. These numbers , by their nature, are
uncertain.
16
4
Drivers
of change
___
With external temperatures across the
UK set to increase and more hot spells
and heat waves anticipated, there is a
concern that overheating in homes will
UKCP09 climate projections can be
become more commonplace in future.
communicated concisely in
probabilistic climate profiles(ProCliP)
The changing weather and climate will
affect the performance of our existing
and new buildings.
See more information in
“Overheating in Homes –
Drivers of Change”
graphs that plot individual climate
variables in UK locations. ProCLIPS
are intended to assist building
designers in familiarising themselves
with the likely future climate. See
www.cibse.org
o As the climate changes, more extreme
external air in cities is often warmer at
weather events are predicted in the
night due to the Urban Heat Island
In London the proportion of
UK, as well as average summers
effect.
apartments is much higher
becoming hotter and generally drier.
We can also expect longer and more
frequent heat waves and higher
average peak temperatures.
o Urbanisation is expected to continue.
o The population over 75 is projected to
nearly double in the next 20 years, to
2037. The elderly population are at
increased risk of heat-related illness,
especially if their health is already
are more prone to overheating
declining.
smaller, potentially amplifying the
effect of internal heat gains, they may
be difficult to ventilate, and the
at 83% in 2012 (DCLG 2013).
around 13% of the UK population in
High-density housing and flats in cities
because dwelling sizes may be
than the rest of England,
o People may increasingly work from
home in the future. Direct heat
exposure during the day time for home
workers is increasingly likely to have
an impact on their work capacity.
18
Projections
___
A study by UCL and Cambridge
The number of homes falling into a
Architectural Research Ltd modelled
“high risk” category increases from 12%
the potential effects of temperature
to 38%.
increases across England on the
propensity of homes to overheat.
The team found that certain adaptive
measures would improve significantly
The researchers found that a 1.4 °C
the resilience of the stock and reduce
rise in average summer temperatures
vulnerability to a warming climate.
appears to put the majority of existing
These must be considered in
buildings at some risk of overheating
conjunction with attempts to mitigate
(assessed using the SAP overheating
green house gas emissions from
check). See the histogram below.
dwellings.
Tillson et al (2013)
Assessing impacts of
summertime overheating:
some adaptation
strategies
19
Another study
looking at the
future potential for
overheating
___
The Suburban Neighbourhood
Across all case studies the overheating
Adaptation for a Changing Climate
potential was assessed for the current
project (SNACC, 2012) run by Oxford
climate, and for the 2030s and 2050s
Brookes University, looked at how
using medium and high emissions
existing suburban neighbourhoods in
scenarios (50% and 90% probabilities).
England be ‘best’ adapted to reduce
The level of overheating potential
further impacts of climate change and
varied for each case study, but in all the
withstand ongoing changes.
neighbourhoods, a very large
The team examined six suburban
neighbourhoods in three English cities:
Oxford, Bristol and Stockport. Before
adaptation options were modelled for
Overheating potential
Less likelihood
High likelihood
proportion of properties had a “high
likelihood“ of being “overheated” in the
2030s and 2050s high emissions
scenarios.
the individual neighbourhoods, the
The image below shows the changing
“overheating potential“ of each
climate change impact as overheating
neighbourhood was assessed and
potential for Botley (Oxford) at 2030s
visualised using the DECoRuM-Adapt
and 2050s climate periods, medium to
simulation model.
high emissions, 50% to 90%
probabilities.
Low Carbon
Futures tool
Heriot-Watt University and partners
developed the Low Carbon Futures tool to
“To produce a practical design method for
adapting existing and new buildings to
future climates without the need for
sophisticated statistical understanding by
the designer.”
The tool can help designers ascertain
whether overheating criteria would be met
in a range of climate scenarios.
For more information, see www.arccnetwork.org.uk
5
Impacts of
overheating
___
Impacts on health
Overheating is a health and safety issue.
Excess heat can have significant health
and healthcare
services
implications, particularly for vulnerable
people, including the elderly, infants,
and those who are obese or have
chronic illnesses. In severe cases of
overheating, fatalities can occur. This is
because vulnerable groups are often
less physically able to cope with high
temperatures, and also may struggle to
adapt their homes to keep them cool.
A number of research projects have attempted to quantify the health impacts of
excess heat, including in terms of hospital admission costs, patient-days and heatrelated excess deaths. Although there are a limited number of studies and the
projections carry significant uncertainty, they do provide a sense of scale.
o During the summer heatwave in
o Health-related costs of the 2003
Northern France in August 2003,
heatwave in the UK were estimated
unprecedented high temperatures for
to be in the range £14m to £2.6bn.
a period of three weeks resulted in
The lower end of the range uses the
15,000 excess deaths. The vast
Value of a Life Year (VOLY)
majority of these were among older
measure, while the upper uses the
people.
Value of a Prevented Fatality (VPF)
o Across England and Wales that
o There are now estimated to be
same year, there were over 2,000
approximately 2,000 heat-related
excess deaths during the ten-day
deaths per year in England and
heatwave in August, compared to
Wales. In the absence of adaptation
the previous five years over the
of the population researchers
same period. Again, the worst
estimate that this figure could rise to
affected were people over the age of
over 7,000 heat-related deaths per
75 years.
year by the 2050s as a result of
climate change and a growing and
ageing population
23
Why can
excess heat
lead to health
issues?
___
The body loses and gains heat by a
conditions are additional risk factors for
number of mechanisms, for example
this age group.
sweating. Failure of these
thermoregulation mechanisms to cope
with high temperatures can lead to heat
stress, illness and death.
Other people at higher risk of heatrelated health impacts are those with
serious chronic health conditions
(particularly heart or breathing
Mild effects of exposure to high
problems), mobility issues, and serious
temperatures include dehydration,
mental health problems. Obesity is also
prickly heat, heat cramps, heat oedema
a risk factor. Individuals who are obese
(fluid retention often in ankles and feet),
generate more heat when active and
heat syncope (dizziness and fainting)
need less heat to be produced before
and heat rash, as well as reduced
their core temperature rises.
productivity and concentration.
Young children and babies are also
Certain vulnerable groups, such as
less able to regulate their own body
those over 65, are generally less able
temperature and are at greater risk of
to regulate their body temperature.
dehydration than adults, as well as
Sweating, blood flow to the skin and
being more dependent on others.
extremities, plasma volume and cardiac
output are all reduced. Such groups
may also be less able to detect
temperature changes and have a
diminished sensation of thirst. Social
isolation and pre-existing medical
24
Organisational
impacts of
overheating
___
In terms of the impacts on businesses,
During this time the developer
overheating problems can damage
experienced negative media coverage
customer relations, lead to reputational
and customer dissatisfaction. And
harm, and result in potentially costly
remedial works cost the organisation
remedial works.
hundreds of thousands of pounds.
In one case study, a housing provider
Focusing their attention on the
shared their experience of carrying out
prevention of overheating cases in the
extensive remedial works on a recently
future has become a high priority for
completed apartment building. Without
them.
the apartments being heated, winter
temperatures exceeded 27 °C.
“The cost is that I’ve
had to spend time
and the worry of
having to deal with
[overheating] after
it’s happened. That’s
a cost in itself.”
HOUSING ASSOCIATION
For more
guidance on
business
planning, see:
25
Case Study
Housing
Association
___
A recent piece of economic analysis
This analysis is being used to highlight
for a housing association operating in
the importance of investment in
Southern England found “a 13%
overheating measures.
increase in heat-related health costs
as a result of stock expansion, and a
doubling of costs as a result of climate
change in 2040, is judged to be
possible“
They concluded that 'targeted
See Building the Business Case for
Targeted Investment in Resilience
Planning by the Global Climate
Adaptation Partnership, Daniel Black
& Associates, the University of Bath
and the University of Manchester.
investment in flooding and overheating
measures now would make significant
financial savings for them in the
future'.
26
Impacts of
overheating –
energy use
___
Research shows that once occupants
Therefore, although the impact of
become uncomfortably warm in their
cooling measures on energy use is
homes, they take action to alleviate the
expected to be modest in the short-term,
situation – and these actions may have
if the use of air conditioning were to
energy implications. For example,
become the norm, the energy
sudden spikes in fan use and the
implications could be significant.
purchase of portable cooling units are
not uncommon.
There is anecdotal evidence to suggest
a growing expectation that it will be
Air-conditioning for comfort cooling is
included in newer urban apartments and
not widespread within the residential
penthouses at the higher end of the
sector – estimated at less than 3% of
market. But, overall, there is
the housing stock in England.
considerable uncertainty around the
future uptake of air conditioning.
27
.As effective as air conditioning can be
o Secondly, air conditioning affects
in providing a thermally comfortable
external temperatures in the climate
environment, particularly for vulnerable
surrounding homes. Heat from the
occupants, there are also several
system is ejected into the air,
issues to be considered:
potentially intensifying any heat
o Increased use of air conditioning
island effects.
Fans do not cool the air like air
conditioning units, but
enhance people's ability to
lose heat and also alter our
perceptions of temperature.
Guidance advises against the
would usually lead to increased
For such reasons, current policies tend
use of fans at temperatures
energy use by householders in the
to encourage good design and a
above 35 °C as blowing air
summer. Reliance on mechanical
“passive first” approach to addressing
which is close to or above
cooling could therefore result in
overheating. Mechanical cooling
body temperature will not cool
householders needing to pay for
normally being viewed as a measure
people down.
energy to cool homes in the
of last resort.
summer, as well as well as the
energy needed to heat homes in the
winter. Should poorer households
Between 1961 and 2006, the
struggle to pay, they may decide not
average number of Cooling
to use their systems at all.
Degree Days, a measure of
how much energy is required
for cooling, has increased
throughout the UK and more
than doubled in London
(UKCP09).
28
Summary
___
2°C
Heatwaves
Average global temperatures may
Heatwaves are expected to become
increase by up to 2 °C by the 2050s
much more frequent, with a heatwave
(assuming concerted mitigation
similar to the one experienced in 2003
efforts), leading to higher temperatures
happening every 2-3 years by the 2040s.
inside homes.
20%
1.4°C
2,000
Experts estimate that up to 20% of
One study found that if external
There are already approximately 2,000
dwellings in England may already be
temperatures in the UK rise by
heat related deaths per year in England
overheating, even in relatively cool
approximately 1.4°C (only), then the
and Wales. This figure is projected to rise
summers.
vast majority of homes could move
to around 7,000 by the 2050s without
from being low risk, to medium or high
appropriate adaptation strategies.
risk for overheating.
1/100
£2.6bn
For every 1 heat related death, there
The economic impact of the 2003
are thought to be 100 hundred hospital
heatwave in the UK alone resulted in
admissions.
health-related costs ranging between
£14m and £2.6bn (depending on
which measure is used).
29
6
What is your
starting point?
Your starting point is likely to affect how
you want to proceed and what level of
resource you invest in overheating risk
management.
___
30
What is your starting point?
Most organisations the Zero Carbon Hub has consulted with fall into Scenario 2 or 3.
Reviewing the questions in the remaining slides should help you to decide what to do next.
1
3
Scenario one
We don’t think it’s an issue for us / it’s
a low priority
Scenario three
We’ve had some overheating problems
and we want to have a plan for how we
might avoid it in the future
2
4
Scenario two
We haven’t had any /many problems
but we want to check our current and
possible future risk
Scenario four
We’ve had some overheating
problems and we’re satisfied that we
have done all we can to manage the
risk
31
Preparation
Extent of overheating in your stock
Q. Are you aware of any cases of
overheating in your stock?
o What happened?
o How did you find out?
o What data would be needed?
proportion of your stock is overheating o How would you gather it?
Q. How would you determine what
Answer
Answer
or has overheated in the past 5
years?
Q. If you have had cases of
overheating, would you class any as
o What criteria are you using to
judge?
severe?
o Which rooms and areas?
o How would you find out?
Q. How will you assess planned
o What assumptions will you make?
o How does the risk profile across
developments to determine if they
Answer
might be at risk of overheating within
your stock change if you consider
the coming decades?
the future climate or other drivers
Answer
of change?
32
Preparation
Potential impact of overheating
Q. How will you assess the impact of
overheating on your local authority?
o Economic? Health?
o What assumptions on the
Answer
possible extent of overheating will
you make?
o Are these impacts on your risk
register?
Q. How would you determine
whether any vulnerable residents
o Do you have the data you need?
o How would you find out?
Answer
o How would you make a sensible
Answer
live in houses which have physical
characteristics making them prone
to overheating?
Q. How would you find out if any
residents have heat-related issues?
estimate?
o How will you know if the figure
begins to rise?
o Is there budget provision for any
estimated additional costs?
33
Preparation
Mandate and capacity to act
Q. Does your Board need to be
briefed on the national picture on
o Whose role is it to prepare any
Answer
materials and evidence?
overheating?
Q. What information would the
o How would you find out?
Answer
o What is the status and what
Answer
senior management team need to
assess the priority to be given to
overheating within your
organisation?
Q. Should overheating be included
in the business plan?
Q. Who will have responsibility for
mitigating actions are recorded?
o Does the individual/team have
the day-to-day management of
the resources and training they
overheating risk within your
need?
Answer
organisation?
34
Existing Homes
Managing reports of overheating
Q. How can you ensure residents
o How will they made aware of it?
Answer
o What procedures kick in?
o Could your customer services
Answer
have a route or procedure for
reporting any issues?
Q. Could you have a pre-prepared
strategy guiding how you will
respond to any issues raised by
team be briefed?
residents?
Q. Should you develop a technical
policy to alleviate the problem for
residents in advance?
o Who would investigate the
Answer
causes?
o How would you decide what
measures to implement?
o How would you determine if
these are working as intended?
Q. Do you need to consider resident
acceptance of measures and
satisfaction?
o Do residents understand how to
Answer
use the measures?
o Are there any maintenance
requirements or other things they
need to be aware of?
35
Existing Homes
Monitoring recently completed homes
Q. Should you undertake
temperature monitoring projects to
help you understand what is
happening?
Q. Should you offer formal advice to
new (and long-term) residents about
how to keep themselves cool during
warm weather?
o Is this work urgent or can it be
Answer
staged?
o How could the research findings
feedback into design briefs?
o How would you make the advice
Answer
sufficiently accessible?
o Would it match advice from Public
Health England?
o Could vulnerable households
benefit from technology, such as
temperatures sensors which can
be checked remotely?
36
New Development
Prevention of overheating
Q. Should your contracts with
o Should requirements differentiate
suppliers include provisions on
between types of schemes
overheating?
according to risk?
Answer
o What new schemes do you have
planned? Could you use them to
trial approaches?
Q. Can you make more use of tools
o How can you ensure this is done
or carry out modelling (including by
sufficiently early in the process
experts) to assess overheating risk
(i.e. pre-planning) to influence
in new schemes?
design choices?
Answer
o What overheating criteria might
you use?
Q. Can your risk assessments factor
in real-world location related factors,
such as noise or security issues that
o What factors should you
Answer
consider?
o Are they written down anywhere?
might affect window opening?
Q. If designs and plans already meet
o How would you determine if a
your overheating criteria, how can
measure has been substituted or
you ensure the designs are
not installed for any reason?
delivered in practice?
Answer
37
Policy
Overall policy on overheating
Q. Should you set out goals or
requirements for new development
o How will you enforce the
Answer
provisions?
in your Local Plan / planning policy?
Q. Should you set out goals or
o How will you enforce them?
Answer
o How would you set about
Answer
requirements for new development
in a design guide?
Q. How would you determine,
geographically, whether you have
understanding this?
vulnerable combinations of people
and buildings?
Q. Does your climate change
o Has the risk been assessed
strategy include the risk of
specifically in the areas you
overheating?
operate in?
Q. Should your health and social
o Should your Joint Strategic
care policies and assessments
Needs Assessment include
include the potential future impacts
potential impacts of future
of heat-related illness during heat
overheating?
Answer
Answer
waves and standard years?
38
What is your high level strategy?
___
Watching
brief?
Make changes
to process?
Fully assess
our level
of risk?
Programme
of works or
advice?
To conclude, by considering the questions in the previous slides, we hope you have a clearer sense of which
of the types of strategies listed above make sense for your organisation, and what next steps you will take.
39
This slide
pack is part
of a series
___
All are available
for download at
www.zerocarbonhub.org
40
Evidence
reviews
___
See our Overheating in
Homes Evidence Review
Series.
All are available
for download at
www.zerocarbonhub.org
41