Transcript MPV - Día de la Energia

Energy Projects and Reduction of
Socio-Environmental Impacts
Manuel Pulgar-Vidal
Minister of Environment
Energy Day
July 3, 2012
Swissotel
Content
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A memory exercise
Energy and environment in Peru
A new energy matrix
Energy and environmental health
Energy and biodiversity
Energy and climate change
1. How to approach the future in
the context of the new
administration
Develop public policies
based on learned lessons
and challenges
Developing a realistic route
map
Recognizing the complexity
of the context
Identifying consequences of
planning
What have we learned?
• Camisea commitments:
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Compliance with environmental and social obligations
Creation of a Fund
Protection to isolated populations
Transparency in EIAs. EIA monitoring.
Environmental strategic planning
Regional planning. Zoning.
Technical assistance to local authorities
Access to justice
Compensation Regime
Consultation and dialogue
Enforcement
What are we forgetting?
• Information importance. Thermoelectric Case
• Properly inform the message. There seem to be no
suitable energy source.
• Energy for whom?
• Energy Saving Campaigns, Smart Buildings (Real
Estate Sector)
Recognizing the complexity of the
context
State control
over natural
resources
Natural
resources in
relation to new
challenges
Private property
and titling .
Environmental
Management
Instruments
Soil and subsoil
dilemma
Promoting governance in
natural resources access and
use
Land and
territory
Amazon
Investment
promotion
Decentralization
and institutional
framework
Income and profit
distribution given
by the use of
natural resources
Superposition of
rights and
operating
licenses
2. Energy and environment in
Peru
Climate change
Environmental health
Energy
Biodiversity and territory
occupancy
3. New energy matrix
NUMES Objective: Gross domestic supply of primary and secondary energy
NATURAL GAS
CRUDE OIL
RRE
HYDROPOWER
MINERAL COAL
DERIVATIVE OIL PRODUCTS
AND NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS
DISTRBUTED GAS
Required investment and new installed capacity
Investment amounts - Millions US$
Technology
Hydro
Thermal
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Biomass
New capacity - MW
POWER ENERGY
NON-ENERGY PRODUCTS
AND OTHERS
Environmental indicators in
NUME’s proposal
• GHG emissions originated by production and
use of energy.
• Reduction of pollutant emissions from
transport. Increase in biodiesel percentages.
• Impact on wildlife. Large hydroelectric power
plants.
• Threats to PNAs and sites of outstanding
biodiversity.
Environmental indicators in
NUME’s proposal
• Energy matrix vulnerable to natural hazards.
Hydroelectric power plants and pipelines.
• Energy matrix vulnerable to climate change.
• Basins affected by energy projects.
Other potential indicators that
cause conflicts
• Decentralization
• Benefits from energy, in particular, and from
infrastructure, in general.
• Trans-sector
4. Environmental Health:
How are we doing?
Índice de Desempeño Ambiental 2012
Source: Yale University, 2012
Conversion to natural gas and sulphur
control
m3 concentration
Micrograms/ microgramos
/m3
Concentracion
Particulate
Matter PM10
Material
Particulado
120
100
80
60
40
20
Conversion to natural gas
(136,600 vehicles) causes
decreasing trend in particulate
matter PM10, but it is still well
above the EQS of annual air of 50
micrograms/m3.
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Años
Years
Dioxido
Azufre (SO2)
Sulfur de
Dioxide
m3 concentration
Micrograms/microgramos/m3
Concentracion
Reduction of sulphur content in
diesel to 50 ppm has been
expanded to Lima, Callao,
Arequipa, Moquegua, Cuzco,
Tacna and Puno, bringing
significant reductions despite the
vehicle fleet growth.
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Años
Years
Fuel Hazard Index and Selective
Consumption Tax (SCT)
"Clean" fuels and the less polluting cars
have been favored by a major reduction in
tax.
Fuel Hazard Rate
ISC
SCT(S/.
(S/.por
per galón)
gallon)
2008
2016*
Hazard
Índice
de
Index
Nocividad
-
0,5
1,45
Gasolina9090
Gasoline
2,46
0,8
1,55
Gasolina9595
Gasoline
2,92
0,8
1,55
Gasoline
Gasolina9797
3,15
0,8
1,55
Kerosene
Queroseno
1,94
1,9
3,81
Diesel
Diesel2-S2500
2-S2500
1,39
2
4,04
-
3,1
22,24
Combustible
Fuel
Fuel
GLP
LPG
Residual 6
Residual 6
* Year
which
SCTconverge
convergeawith
its final
value.
* Año
eninque
el ISC
su valor
final
5. Biodiversity and Territory
Occupancy
• Insufficient information about
the biodiversity importance;
• Conflicts caused by
superposition of oil lots and
hydroelectric projects with
protected areas and other
important ecosystems in the
provision of ecosystem services;
• Marine environment is
particularly "unknown" and it was
NOT CONSIDERED IN
NUMES’s SEA!!!
Ecoregional Planning
Ecoregional Planning
Priority sites for biodiversity conservation in the Venezuelan Caribbean
Environmental Restore
Avoid
Fuente: Kiesecker, J. et al.
Minimize
Restore
6. Climate change impact on water
disposal
Retreat of seven Andean glaciers
GHG emissions in energy sector, 2000
Total GHG emissions
Source:
Source:
• Inventory as of 2000 does not recognize
increase effects of vehicle fleet (+) or
conversion to natural gas (-);
• Projections to 2050 with baseline in 2000
expect to triple GHG emission levels
compared to 2000;
• Projections for proposal of new energy
matrix and its assumptions need to review.
Planning for Climate Change
PlanCC seeks: “… generate
quantitative evidence on possible
scenarios for mitigation of climate
change in Peru, strengthen capacities
and establish the basis for a long-term
low economic growth in carbon.