Transcript 1c_CLARREO_2015_03

2015 GSICS Meeting
New Delhi, India
March 16, 2015
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CLARREO Mission Status
• Decadal Survey mission concept has been in study since 2008
• Multi-agency (NASA, NIST, DOE, NOAA), University (9) and
International (U.S., UK, Canada, soon India) science team
• Over 100 peer reviewed journal papers to date
• AMS BAMS mission overview paper (cover October, 2013)
• Economic value paper on improving climate change observation accuracy
using CLARREO as an example: ~ $10 Trillion (U.S. dollars, 3% discount
rate). Return on Investment: 50:1 if triple global climate science investment
• Climate model OSSEs show benefits of more accurate observations and
spectral fingerprints of climate change
• Ground demonstration instruments (4) at GSFC, LaRC, UW, CU
• Successful high altitude (30km) balloon flight (Aug 2014) of reflected solar
spectrometer (Kopp: CU) including lunar and solar calibration demonstration
Strong science team and instrument development continuing
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CLARREO Mission BAMS Cover Paper
CLARREO: NIST in Orbit
Infrared (IR)
Instrument Suite
Fourier Transform
Spectrometer
• Systematic error less than
0.1K (k=3)
• 200 – 2000 cm-1
contiguous spectral
coverage
• 0.5 cm-1 unapodized
spectral resolution
• 25 km nadir fov, 1 earth
sample every 200 km
• Mass: 76 Kg
• Power: 124 W
Reflected Solar (RS)
Instrument Suite
Two Grating Spectrometers
Gimbal-mounted (1-axis)
• Systematic error less than
0.3% (k=2) of earth mean
reflectance
• 320 – 2300 nm contiguous
spectral coverage
• 4 nm sampling, 8 nm res
• 300 m fov, 100 km swath
• Mass: 67 Kg
• Power: 96 W
• Power and Mass are total
for both spectrometers
GNSS
Radio Occultation
Receiver
GNSS Receiver, POD
Antenna, RO Antennae
• Refractivity uncertainty
0.03% (k=1) for 5 to 20
km altitude range.
(Equivalent to 0.1K (k=3)
for temperature
• 1000 occultations/day
• Mass: 18 Kg
• Power: 35 W
Small Instruments, Higher Accuracy, Climate Change Sampling Only
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CLARREO Mission Status
• CLARREO SDT Summary Report available online:
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Gives 1 page executive summary of the mission
Covers mission science, implementation options, references
215 page in depth reference source on the mission
download at
http://clarreo.larc.nasa.gov/pdf/CLARREO_SDT_REPORT_20141022.pdf
• CLARREO and VOI invited presentations in 2014 to:
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WCRP Climate Sensitivity Grand Challenge (March 2014, Germany)
Asian Oceania Geosciences Society (July 2014, Japan)
India annual climate workshop, and IITM seminar (Sept 2014, India)
Climate Symposium 2014 (October 2014, Germany)
• NASA engaged in preliminary discussions with ISRO and the India Ministry
for Earth Sciences to gauge interest in the CLARREO mission.
Potential India collaboration is a major advance
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CLARREO Mission Status
• A new CLARREO Pathfinder technology demonstration mission is in the
Presidents FY16 budget request for NASA (released Feb 2015)!
– Planned 2019 launch of CLARREO reflected solar spectrometer and infrared
interferometer as attached payloads on the International Space Station(ISS).
– The CLARREO Pathfinder is a build up toward the full CLARREO mission to
demonstrate higher calibration accuracy and reference intercalibration methods in
orbit.
– Lifetime on ISS is TBD: may be as little as a year or two, but may be extended to
5 years or more if instruments are successful and reliable.
– Pursuit of joint India/U.S. collaboration is continuing and could consider the
CLARREO Pathfinder and/or the later full mission on an Indian rocket/spacecraft
instead of ISS.
– Flying the CLARREO Pathfinder requires the U.S. Congress to pass President's
NASA budget. We should know more late summer to fall of 2015.
– CLARREO Pathfinder will be a cost capped Class D mission to reduce costs.
New CLARREO Pathfinder advances first CLARREO data to planned 2019
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CLARREO Mission Status
NASA
spacecraft risk
calculations
New CLARREO Pathfinder advances first CLARREO data to planned 2019
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CLARREO Mission Status
• A new CLARREO Pathfinder technology demonstration mission is in the
Presidents FY16 budget request for NASA (released Feb 2015)!
– CLARREO Pathfinder will likely use major portions of existing ground instrument
developments in order to reduce costs to orbit.
– Accuracy and sampling goals will be full CLARREO RS and IR capabilities, but
limited funding of the Pathfinder mission may not reach full CLARREO accuracy
(0.3% RS, 0.07K IR, k=2). Expect at least a factor of 2 to 5 advance over current
instruments using the Pathfinder instruments.
– Because of multi-path signals on the ISS, GPS-RO is not included in the
Pathfinder mission.
– Operations concept is to acquire full CLARREO observations, but initially analyze
a subset sufficient to demonstrate calibration and reference intercalibration.
– Early reference intercalibration demonstration will focus on key instruments such
as CERES, VIIRS, CrIS, Landsat, GOES imager.
– Once demonstrated, reference intercalibration can be extended to a wide range
of Earth viewing LEO and GEO reflected solar and infrared instruments
CLARREO Pathfinder is a technology demonstration mission
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CLARREO Mission Status
• A new CLARREO Pathfinder technology demonstration mission is in the
Presidents FY16 budget request for NASA (released Feb 2015)!
– Collaboration with UK will continue
– New collaboration with India will continue and hopefully greatly expand.
– Collaboration with GSICS will continue
– Pathfinder flight should greatly increase the likelihood of a future full CLARREO
mission.
– 2019 launch will greatly accelerate the timeframe for initial CLARREO
observations.
– CLARREO data acquisition for calibration, reference intercalibration orbit
crossings, and nadir spectral fingerprinting on ISS is expected to be within 75% of
that planned for the full free flyer CLARREO mission.
– Because of the limited funding, data processing, validation, and data products will
be much slower to ramp up than a normal Class B mission (e.g. Aqua).
Achieving full capability will depend on demonstrating early success (first year to
2 years), to enable a later full reprocessing of all the observations
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Economic Value of Climate Observations
Journal of Environment,
Systems, and Decisions
Cooke et al., 2013
Available free and open access online
@ http://link.springer.com
/article/10.1007%2Fs10669-013-9451-8
VOI Study New Results
• Initial paper published online July 23, 2013 in the Journal of Environment, Systems,
and Decisions (Springer): Cooke et al, 2013. Freely available to anyone at
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10669-013-9451-8/fulltext.html
• Second VOI journal Paper has just been submitted for publication.
– Added mitigation costs for changing carbon emission scenarios (reduces VOI)
– Added more realistic relationship of carbon emissions to economic output when transition
between emissions scenarios (increases VOI)
– Added more realistic time varying smooth transition from one emissions scenario to a
second scenario (small impact on VOI)
– New results also show value as "Real Option Value" a concept that businesses use to
determine the value of an early investment to allow more flexible and efficient decisions
later: very analogous to the climate change societal challenge.
– New VOI changes from $12 Trillion U.S. to $9 Trillion U.S. (Net Present Value and nominal
3% discount rate)
– 2015 will focus on additional climate variables such as cloud radiative forcing to allow a
more direct relationship between the observation uncertainty and climate sensitivity
uncertainty.
Conclusion
• New CLARREO Pathfinder mission greatly accelerates the time
to get CLARREO higher accuracy instruments in orbit (2019)
• GCICS remains a key focus of the CLARREO mission
• The intercalibration software tools development presented at the
last GSICS meeting (Costy Lukashin & Chris Currey) continue in
development with deployment at NASA Langley and NOAA
NCDC in progress.
• While we still lack a true climate observing system, CLARREO
and GSICS working together will be a major step in that
direction.
CLARREO Pathfinder a major step forward
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CLARREO Lunar Calibration Activities
in FY15, lead by Dr. Tom Stone (USGS)
Costy Lukashin
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CLARREO lunar observational requirements
• Develop operational observation requirements for the
CLARREO RS instrument to view the Moon. This task will
provide
• predictions of lunar observation opportunities, requirements for
the RS instrument pointing, considering CLARREO operation
• in three orbit configurations:
• - 90 degrees inclination polar orbit, with 607 km equatorial
altitude and 0 ascending node;
• - International Space Station (ISS) orbit;
• - Sun-synchronous orbit, with a 13:30 node crossing;
• This task will provide evaluations of the expected uncertainty in
the comparison of ROLO lunar model predictions with RS
• measurements, under the constraint of the nominal RS
observation scenario with phase angles in the range 5 - 10
degrees.
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CLARREO lunar model improvement
• Feasibility study for using CLARREO RS lunar measurements to
refine lunar reflectance models: Assuming CLARREO RS
• instrument meets its specifications for absolute accuracy,
then additional measurements of the Moon could potentially be used
• to develop an improved model for the lunar disk reflectance, which
subsequently can be used for reference inter-calibration.
• This study will develop potential observing scenarios for collecting a
database that is useable for lunar modeling, with parameters
• to include the frequency of observations and the minimum duration of
the observation campaign. This task will involve simulating
• observation sequences for the three CLARREO orbit configurations
specified in (1).
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