Transcript 6. EU Innovative activities – Project GENESIS

GENESIS
Groundwater and dependent ecosystems:
new scientific basis on climate change and land-use
impacts
www.thegenesiproject.eu
Björn Klöve
Catchment Management: Impact of climate
change on risks and investment costs
21st November 2013, Oxford
Content of presentation
• GENESIS project main tasks and work packages (WPs)
• Outcome
•
•
•
•
Scientific papers
Deliverables
Policy briefs
Toolbox
• PhD course 3-4 March 2013, Prague
• Final conference 5-7 March 2013, Prague
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Case Study Aquifers
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GENESIS Work Packages
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WP2 Groundwater flow characterization
Hydrogeology
Hydrology
Ecology
METHODS
-e.g. tracers
GW and GDE
System understanding:
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- Derive conceptual model
- Design measurement programmes
- Assess vulnerability
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Work Package 2
Groundwater flow characterization
Innovative studies, combining a variety of methods, on:
–
infiltration in and vulnerability of cold/mountainous regions affected by
frost and snowmelt,
-
interactions between groundwater and surface water and dependent
ecosystems,
-
unsaturated zone processes (heterogeneity, leaching of contaminants)
Work Package 2
Groundwater flow characterization
MAIN RESULTS:
two deliverables
Provides guidance on characterization
of the physical aspects of
groundwater systems functioning
particularly in relation to time scales of
water flow and contaminant transport.
Includes the Decision Tree aimed at
assisting groundwater practitioners in
physically-based assessments of the
intrinsic vulnerability of groundwater
systems
Work Package 2
Groundwater flow characterization
MESSAGE:
•
Tracer methods help overcome challenges in characterization of
groundwater systems and in assessments of their vulnerability –
Deliverables 2.2, 2.3:
- Unsaturated zone processes
- Wide spectrum of spatial and temporal scales
- Flow heterogeneity
- Groundwater flow vs groundwater transport
- Flow of DNAPLs
Work Package 2
Groundwater flow characterization
MESSAGE:
•
Tracers as an indispensable part of conceptual model development -
Deliverable 2.2
•
Mean Transit Time of water as an operational and objective indicator of
groundwater (or GDE) vulnerability – Deliverable 2.3
Both issues not sufficiently recognized in the WFD, GWD and CIS
Guidance Documents
WP3 Pollutant leaching
Groundwater
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WP3 Pollutant input and leaching
to groundwater aquifers
D3.1: Pollutant input, leaching and background loads
D3.2: Assessment methods to detect pollutant leaching to
groundwater
D3.3: Report on sustainable measures to protect groundwater
bodies
D3.4: Final report on pollutant and leaching to groundwater:
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•
•
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Rules to perform diagnostics of pollutants load in the soil system and to
characterize and to quantify sources and pathways of contamination,
including validation, sensitivity and uncertainty for the case studies.
Biogeochemical processes in leaching assessment methods.
Impact of future scenarios considering climatic and land-use changes.
Tools to assess the pollutants leaching at different scales and results of
application to different case study.
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D3.2: Assessment methods to detect pollutant leaching to groundwater
Alterra Coordination
Highlights :
• The directives, guidelines and working documents related to pollutant leaching to
groundwater are reviewed.
• Processes which are currently not well described in leaching models are
addressed.
• The present regulations and procedures for leaching assessment are assessed for
nitrate, pesticides and organic compounds.
• Tools for leaching are discussed at field scale, catchment / aquifer scale and EUNitrate Leaching Transfer Function derived
scale
GENESIS innovation
• benchmark of 6 Nitrate Leaching
models based on the Wagna lysimeter
data-set for testing leaching models,
frequently used by European
researchers
• benchmark of 3 Pesticide Leaching
models with a data-set of the GRUEcase study
• EU-scale modelling of water flow and
nitrate leaching by the SWAT-model
from results of deterministic model
10 locations x 4 crops x 3 dosages x 2 fertilizer
types x 4 application times
Example for 1
location
Leaching of metribuzin from field with cold winter climate under
conventional cropping practices in Norway, simulated with
MACRO, PEARL and PRZM. A benchmark study.
•Soil temperatures dynamics
were successfully simulated by
the three models except in the
winter spring period
•Neither models captured its
dynamic during frost-thawing
period
•The three models simulated
quite well the dynamics of
bromide concentration
•PRZM simulation of pesticide
transfer differed largely from
MACRO and PEARL.
D3.3: Proposal of sustainable measures to protect groundwater bodies
INRA Coordination
Highlights :
• potential risk mitigation measures reviewed and analyzed from a scientific point of
view but also regarding their implementation in practice.
• quantitative evaluation on mitigation strategies in the reduction of groundwater
impacts.
• improvement of risk mitigation measures currently used in order to come to better
harmonized approaches
Some case studies as demonstrative situations
• To test some mitigation strategies at different
scales for different kinds of contamination
• To estimate the effects at the regional/catchment
scale du to the implementation of a given
mitigation measure
• To assess the feasibility of mitigation strategies,
i.e practicability and cost-effectiveness, and
propose some recommendation for those
considered both effective and feasible for
implementation at the farm and catchment scale
Nitrate
Wagna case study (Austria)
Vosvozis case study (Greece)
Fontanili case study (Greece)
Mancha oriental (Spain)
Pesticides
Grue case study (Norway)
Fontanili case study (Italy)
Trace metals
Feucherolles case study
(France)
Organic contaminants
Bitterfeld case study (Germany)
Groundwater dependent ecosystems
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GDE
Aquifer
GWDAE
GWDTE
Aquitard
Increasing surface water
dependency
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Peatland Hillslope hydrology?
WP4 GDE
Hydrology
Ecology
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• Processes in GDEs
• Design of relevant
observations campaign
• Develompent of
conceptual models
• Knowledge on impactresponses to presures
• Vulnerability of GDEs
Management
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Deliverables WP4
D4.1: Baseline study on GDE
ecohydrology
D4.2: Groundwater surface water
interaction in GDE
D4.3: New indicators for assessing GDE
vulnerability
D4.4: Report on GDE protection
D4.5: Land-use and climate change
effects on GDE
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Review papers produced
Kløve, B. Ala-Aho, P. Bertrand, G. Gurdak, J. J. Kupfersberger, H. Kvœrner, J.
Muotka, T. Mykrä, H. Preda, E. Rossi, P. Bertacchi Uvo, C. Velasco, E.
Wachniew, P. Pulido-Velázquez, M. 2013. Climate Change Impacts on Groundwater
and Dependent Ecosystems. Journal of Hydrology (accepted).
Kløve B., Ala-aho P., Bertrand G., Boukalova Z., Ertürk A., Goldscheider N., Ilmonen
J., Karakaya N., Kupfersberger H., Kværner J., Lundberg A., Mileusnić M.,
Moszczynska A., Muotka T., Preda E., Rossi P., Siergieiev D., Šimek J., Wachniew
P., Widerlund A. 2011. Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems: Part I - Hydroecology,
threats and status of ecosystems. Environmental Science and Policy 14, 770 – 781.
Kløve B., Ala-aho P., Allan A., Bertrand G., Druzynska E., Ertürk A., Goldscheider N.,
Henry S., Karakaya N., Karjalainen T.P. ,Koundouri P., Kværner J., Lundberg A..,
Muotka T., Preda E., Pulido Velázquez M., Schipper P. 2011. Groundwater
Dependent Ecosystems: Part II - Ecosystem services and management under risk of
climate Change and Land-Use Management. Environmental Science and Policy 14,
782-793.
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WP 5 Modelling
Numerical
models
Aquifers and
GDEs
Selected
approach
Land use
and climate
change
• Modelling approaches
and experiences
• Good examples
• Modelling methods
• Impact of land use
practices and climate
change
• How to deal with GDEs
Partner
knowledge
Resources
etc
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WP5: final results and outcomes
• Options and scope for coupling of
numerical models
• Significance of conceptual models
• Modeling guidance to consider climate
and land use change effects on
groundwater systems
WP5: final results and outcomes
• Relating land use and climate change projections
to groundwater impact studies by model chains
– Uncertainty along the modeling path
• Comparing impacts of land use and climate
change projections across European groundwater
systems and inferring recommendations
• Highlights (showing integration):
– Combination with socio-economic framework
– Inclusion of cc and lu effects on substances leaching
and subsequently groundwater quality
– Extension to ecological assessment
WP 6
Groundwater systems management: economic,
legal and institutional aspects
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WP 6
Groundwater systems management:
economic, legal and institutional aspects
MAIN OBJECTIVES:

Integrated socio-hydro-economic modelling framework for
selecting sustainable cost-efficient measures &
management strategies to achieve good GW status in an
uncertain environment

Analysis of scenarios, policies, legal & institutional
framework

Application to selected case studies
Work Package 6
Groundwater systems management:
economic, legal and institutional aspects
CONTEX:
THE EU WFD-GWD CHALLENGE
Increasing role of economics in water policy. Application of
 Economic principles (e.g. cost-recovery, the polluter
pays principle, environmental and resource costs, etc.)
 Economic tools & methods (e.g. CEA, CBA)
 Economic instruments (water pricing policy)
TESTED APPROACHES:

NONMARKET VALUATION TECHNIQUES (policies /events with
no market prices; choice experiments): Czestochowa, Vosvozis,
Zagreb, Rokua

ECONOMETRIC METHODS / survey-based PRODUCTION
FUNCTIONS in agriculture: Vosvozis, Dalyan

HYDRO-ECONOMIC MODELLING explicit combination of
economics-engineering-hydrology: Mancha Oriental

BAYESIAN NETWORKS/ uncertain / multiple issues/ ≠ data
sources / missing qualitative data: Mancha Oriental
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MAVT approach to assess stakeholder
preferences

Legal assessment
WORKSHOPS
& focus meetings
with experts and
stakeholders
Work Package 6
Groundwater systems management:
economic, legal and institutional aspects
MAIN RESULTS:
6 deliverables
Principles, concepts, methods, &
tools for integrating economics &
science for decision-making on GW
systems management
Contribution of economics, hydroeconomic and Bayesian network modelling
to the analysis of sustainable management
policies at 6 selected case studies.
Approaches, implementation to the case
studies, and relevance of the results to the
implementation of the EU WFD and GWD.
Legal
issues
related
to
implementation of WFD-GWD &
supporting regulatory environment
and
institutions.
Multicriteria
(MAVT) analysis of stakeholder
preferences and ranking of
management alternatives.
Integrated framework of analysis for the
use of economic valuation methods (nonmarket valuation, market-based production
and demand, hydro-economic modeling)
and their results in the implementation
of G-WFD. Original DATABASE of existing
applications of env. valuation and
production side studies to value gw
benefits
DELIVERABLE 6.5: Synthesis and policy recommendations
Integrateeconomic
economic/ /legal
legal/ /stakeholder
stakeholderpreference
preference work
work done
done in
in WP6
and other
other
Integrate
WP6 and
legally-relevant findings from other deliverables in the project
legally-relevant findings from other deliverables in the project
Work Package 6
Groundwater systems management:
economic, legal and institutional aspects
KEY MESSAGES:

Value of integrated multidisciplinary approach to address
challenges of EU WFD & GWD

Broad range of economic, hydro-economic and multicriteria
techniques to tackle GW management issues

No single standard approach for GW economic & management
issues / specific approaches (scope, policy issues, data,
physical setting, drivers, legal & inst. framework, etc.)

Complementary information (HEM – opt. policies & impacts;
EcValuation – benefits from improving GW status; MAVT –
ranking of alternatives)

High potential for the use of economic instruments in groundwater
management. Still quite unexplored.
Summary
• Groundwater and ecosystems studied in a
multidisciplinary context in GENESIS
• Some approaches used for the first time
• New results on ecosystems, leaching and
methods such as use of tracers, models
and socio-economic methods
• Integration of results from different
scientific fields result in a more integrated
magement for groundwater systems
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Final conference 5-8 March, Prague
• Final conference 5-8 March, Prague
• Short course for PhD students
• ”Hydrogeology of groundwater dependent
ecosystem (GDEs): novel techniques for
hydrological and ecological monitoring and
analysis”
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Journal special issues 2014
•
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS)
special issues on “Groundwater resources and their
ecosystem services: new methods and management
practices” submission of papers end of May 2014.
• Science of The Total Environment (STOTEN) special
issues on “From the assessment of the of pollutant input
into groundwater systems to the measures for protecting
them, via the assessment of the effect of climate and
land-use change» submission of papers end of February
2014.
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Thank you for your attention
www.thegenesisproject.eu
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