Transcript P2P-44684-presentation-DGResearch-Chapuis

Overview of the EU policies and
programmes in the field of
cultural heritage:
the case of EU research and related
programmes applicable to the protection of
the tangible cultural heritage, with focus on
environmental research
(Brussels, DG Enlargement, 29/03/11)
European Commission
DG « Research & Innovation »
Directorate « Environment »
Michel CHAPUIS, Programme Officer
([email protected])
Why and how protect the
tangible C.H.?
• According to Unesco , definition of tangible (= « physical ») C.H. :
includes traditionally. buildings and historic places, monuments,
artifacts, etc., and smaller art works and other cultural
masterpieces that are considered worthy of preservation for the
movable and immovable; intangible C.H. more difficult to specify:
traditions, practices, representations, expressions, including social
practices, rituals and festive events (music, cooking , dressing. .),
traditional craftsmanship; but no limits to imagination!
• In the context of globalisation and planetary communication, C.H.
provides stability , identification, memory of our past
Why and how protect the
tangible C.H.?
• Loss of cultural heritage: we consider that 50 % of the
cultural heritage has been lost during the last 100 years
and the rate of loss and deterioration is still high
• Apart from wars and natural disasters not easily predictable
like earthquakes, environmental related changes including
pollution, floods, lack of care and neglect (eg fires) &
uncontrolled urban sprawl are main reasons for this loss
• Research and innovation, together with education & training
have a key-role
• Europe must keep its world leadership in research and
conservation (also leader of Unesco World Heritage )
A few concepts and issues
• C.H. Technologies are quite similar to environmental
technologies as regards tools for assessment (sensors etc)
of state of cultural assets: use of mainly chemistry and
physical science (eg optical tools, acoustic methods, ion
beam analysis,determina.of material properties..),
application of nanosciences , microbiology medical science,
food technology, construction etc;
• Use of « dating » technologies when and how a cultural
asset was made, recover ancient know-how, then
eventually apply new technologies for restoration (case by
case discussions between experts); « non destructive »
technologies
• Conservation and restoration materials : use of ancient
and/or new materials but compatible (« chemistry-nanomicrobio » applications)
A few concepts and issues
• Apply concept of harmonised « identity card » for all main
cultural assets to facilitate monitoring and maintenance of
the movable and immovable heritage
• Deliverables: catalogue of damages, expert-systems,
databases, new tools/methods such as sensors, dosimeters,
recommendations & guidelines/strategies for assessment
/conservation..
• Reversibility versus retreatability (=further
« repairability »)
Dilemna between conservation
and restoration
• Long tradition of « fight » between architects and
archaeologists (early 19 th century and even earlier )
(« artistical racism »)
• Restoration almost systematically contested, but
« purism » in conservation is impossible
• For instance, in Paris Eiffel Tower, opera Garnier originally
symbols of decadence in art
• « Multilayers » of restorations on a single building or
monument (eg cathedral of Syracuse, Mt st Michel etc etc)
• Mario Botta: « The old needs the new to be recognised and
the new needs the old for a real dialogue »
Economic aspects and
impact of C.H.
• Economic impact and jobs related to tangible C.H.
underestimated by public authorities due to fragmentation
for restoration of monuments, art works, etc and
sometimes statistics mixed with digital heritage &»cultural
industries and markets » (TV, cinema, new
medias/internet.. ), also issue of competences: cultural
heritage often not included in cultural local policy in
municipal /city councils
• Positive impacts (cultural tourism) and negative impacts
(cost of preservation/restorations) following lack of care,
environmental changes & natural disasters (high level of
costs )
Economic aspects and
impact of C.H.
• « Externalities » of cultural heritage: valuing
cultural heritage (ex estimated cost of
replacement after damage, number of entries in
Museums etc..)-further models needed
« valuation » very subjective in time and space
(cf art.167 of EU Treaty is relevant to the
patrimony of European significance but experts
reluctant to agree among different
countries/regions
• Restoration in construction: nearly half of turnover of companies (Restoration in construction:
nearly half of turn-over of companies (many
SMEs but often very small ))
Repair and Maintenance
Cluster Activities
Core Levels of
Intervention
Conservation
Restoration
Rehabilitation
Repair
Maintenance
Cultural Heritage Research within
the Environment Programme
• Since 1986 EC/DG Research/Environment
Directorate has been supporting research for the
preservation of tangible Cultural Heritage to develop
« state of the art » methodologies, tools and
products.
• Cultural heritage contributes to attract millions of
tourists in and to Europe, helps to create jobs and
enhances the quality of life of European citizens
while reinforcing a common shared identity.
• Need for a policy of sustainability at EU, National and
Regional levels is more pressing than ever as Cultural
Heritage is exposed to pollution, climate change and
socio-economic pressures.
From FP5 to FP7
• FP5 (1998-2002) : « Energy, Environment and Sustainable
Development » Programme / Key Action « City of
Tomorrow and Cultural Heritage »
• FP6 (2002-2006) : « Scientific Support to Policies »
Programme / focus on « Cultural Heritage and
Conservation Strategies »
• FP7 (2007-2013) : « Environment (including climate
change) » Programme / Activity« Environmental
Technologies » / Sub-Activity « Protection, Conservation
and Enhancement of Cultural Heritage, including Human
Habitat »
Links with European policies
and directives (also beyond
EU-RTD policy)
 Structural Funds based on « ex ». Art 158 & 159 of EU Treaty
 Cultural heritage based on Art 167 of EU Treaty
 The Clean Air for Europe (CAFÉ) Programme: towards a Thematic
Strategy for Air Quality, COM (2001) 245 final
 Directive 2002/91/EC on Energy Performance in Buildings
(Directive amended several times)
 Adoption by EC in 2004 of the European Technologies Action Plan
(ETAP) to promote eco-innovation & use of environmental techn.
 Directive 2006/121/EC on Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation
and Restrictions of Chemicals (REACH)
 Directive 2007/60/EC: Assessment & Management of Flood Risks
Links with European policies and
directives
(also beyond EU-RTD policy)
A European Economic Recovery Plan, COM (2008)
800 final
European Strategy 2020 for smart, sustainable &
inclusive growth followed by European 2020
« Flagship Initiative » Innovation Union,
COM(2010)546 final (6/10/2010)+ Resource
efficiency as other «Flagship Initiative »
with Regional Policy for smart growth in Europe
2020 (new opportunities for innovation)
Limiting Global Climate Change to 2 Degrees
Celsius. The way ahead for 2020 and beyond, COM
(2007) 2 final
Cultural Heritage (CH) and
Environmental Technologies
Objectives : Development of technologies
 for the environmentally sound and sustainable management of the
human environment including the built environment, urban areas
and landscapes,
 for the protection, conservation and restoration of cultural
heritage from environmental pollution.
Research goals
 environment impact assessment, models and tools for risk
evaluation,
 advanced and non-destructive techniques for damage diagnosis,
 new products and methodologies for restoration,
 mitigation and adaptation strategies for the sustainable
management of both movable and immovable cultural assets.
FP7 (2007-2013)
The Specific Programmes
Cooperation – Collaborative research
Ideas – Frontier Research
People – Marie Curie Actions
Capacities – Research Capacity
JRC (non-nuclear)
JRC (nuclear)
Euratom
+
The FP7 Cooperation Programme
for Collaborative Research
10 Themes
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Health
Food, Agriculture and Biotechnology
Information and Communication Technologies
Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Materials and New
Production Technologies
Energy
Environment (including Climate Change)
Transport (including Aeronautics)
Socio-Economic Sciences and the Humanities
Security
Space
The starting point for C.H. in
environmental research in
FP7
More than in the past, a multiple integrated
approach:
– Focus more on complex assemblies and not only
on individual materials
– Integration of damage functions, assessment and
monitoring for preservation
– Importance of context in research on the
preservation of movable and immovable heritage
Environmental Technologies
Cultural Heritage: FP7 topic calls
2007 Call
• ENV.2007.3.2.1.1: Damage assessment, diagnosis &
monitoring for the preventive conservation & maintenance
of the cultural heritage
– “TEACH” Assessment and diagnosis of air pollution
– “POPART” Preservation of plastic artefacts in museums
collections
– “SMOOHs” Smart monitoring of historic structures
• ENV.2007.3.2.2.1: Technologies, knowledge transfer and
optimisation of results in cultural heritage
– “NET-Heritage” European network on research programme
applied to the preservation of tangible cultural heritage
• ENV.2007.3.2.2.2: Consolidation & dissemination of results
– “CHRESP” (Ljubljiana Conference)
Environmental Technologies
Cultural Heritage
2008 Call
•
ENV.2008.3.2.1.1: Methodologies, technologies, models and tools
for damage assessment, monitoring and adaptation to climate
change impacts (excluding extreme events): “CLIMATE FOR
CULTURE” Damage assessment, economic impact and mitigation
strategies for sustainable preservation of cultural heritage in times of
climate change
•
ENV.2008.3.2.1.2: EU cultural heritage identity card:
“EU-CHIC” European cultural identity card
“WRECKPROTECT” Strategies for the protection of shipwrecks in the
Baltic Sea
•
ENV.2008.3.2.2.1: Framework conditions to enhance most
promising prototypes :
“MUSECORR” Protection of cultural heritage by real-time corrosion
monitoring
“ROCARE” Roman cements for architectural restoration to new high
standards
Environmental Technologies
Cultural Heritage
2009 Call
•
ENV.2009.3.2.1.1: Technologies for protecting cultural heritage
assets from risks and damages resulting from extreme events,
especially in the case of earthquakes:
“NIKER” Development of new integrated technologies and tools for
systematic improvement of seismic behaviour of cultural heritage
“PERPETUATE” Development of a displacement-based approach for the
vulnerability evaluation and the design of devices for earthquake
protection of cultural heritage
•
ENV.2009.3.2.1.2: Technologies for protecting cultural heritage
assets from risks and damages resulting from extreme events,
especially in the case of fires and storms:
“FIRESENSE” Development of an early warning system for remote
monitoring for the protection of cultural heritage areas from the risk of fire
and extreme weather conditions
Environmental Technologies
Cultural Heritage
2010 Call
•
EeB.ENV.2010.3.2.4-1 « Compatible solutions for improving the
energy efficiency of historic buildings in urban areas » Protection
and rehabilitation of historic buildings in urban areas especially
contributing to energy saving in the context of European Economic
Recovery Plan to contribute to the fight against current economic
crisis
• 3ENCULT: Efficient Energy for EU Cultural Heritage
•
ENV.2010.3.2.1-1 Non-destructive diagnosis technologies for the
safe conservation of movable assets diagnosis technologies
(potential applications for authentication, traceability) for
sustainable and integrated management of movable cultural
assets
• MEMORI : Measurement, Effect assessment and Mitigation of
pollutant Impact on movable cultural assets. – Innovative research
for market transfer
Environmental Technologies
Cultural Heritage
2011 Call
ENV-NMP.2011.3.2.1-1 « Development of advanced
compatible materials and techniques and their application
for the protection , conservation and restoration of cultural
heritage assets »
Joint call « FP7-ENV-NMP-2011 »: 5 projects under
negotiation (negotiation just starting, under EC-RTDENV & NMP directorates)
ENV.2011.3.2.2-1 “Coordination Action in support of
implementation by participation States of a Joint
Programming Initiative (JPI)” on “Cultural Heritage and
Global Change : a new challenge for Europe”
one CSA under negotiation
ERA-NET : “NET-HERITAGE”
NET-HERITAGE is a partnership of 15 ministries,
funding agencies and national RTD authorities from
14 European countries. It is the first significant
initiative to coordinate national RTD programmes of
European countries and support European RTD
Programmes for research applied to the protection of
tangible cultural heritage.
• www.netheritage.eu
• “NET-Heritage Observatory”: www.heritageportal.eu
• Special policy event on 24/03/11 (Brussels, Committee of
Regions)
JPI “Cultural Heritage and Global
Change: a new challenge for
Europe”
This JPI is expected to overcome fragmentation and
overlapping of research of Member States in the field of
cultural heritage research, to maximise and exploit at best
their research efforts.
It should address major societal challenges enabling the
sector to tackle global problems such as climate change
and sustainability.
JPI = structured process (not an instrument), commitment from Member
States
needed
Coordinator : Italian Ministry of Culture (MIBAC) with Network of European
Member States (13 at start , number increasing)
“Green light” for preparation given by EU Council to MS on 3/12/09;
European Commission Recommendation on 26/04/10; Welcome progress
made by EU Council to MS on 26/05/10 ; series of meetings organised by
Coordinator to settle the JPI (Governing Board, Executive Board..)all over
2010 and so far in 2011 (“CSA” in support under negotiation)
European Construction
Technology Platform (ECTP)
including Focus Area on Cultural Heritage
•
ECTP gathers important private and public stakeholders in the field of
construction at European level ; also about 30 National TPs
•
The Focus Area on Cultural Heritage (FACH) mostly for immovable
Cultural heritage but “driver” for
the movable C.H., includes 6
“vertical” and 6 “horizontal” WGs.
 Vertical WGs: Diagnosis & assessment, materials, intervention techniques,
environment & energy management, exploitation and maintenance, cities
and territorial aspects;
 Horizontal WGs: Education & training, preservation of art works, technical
standards, socio-economic aspects, disaster prevention, communication
•
The overall “umbrella” ECTP - FACH has set-up a “Strategic Research
Agenda” also leading to an Implementation Plan” setting priorities to
be addressed during the period 2007-13
E2B European Initiative
• The objective of E2B European Initiative is to deliver,
implement and optimise building and district concepts that
have the technical, economic and societal potential to
drastically decrease the energy consumption and reduce
CO2 emissions due to existing and new buildings at the
overall scale of the European Union.
• The E2B European Initiative will speed up research on key
technologies and develop a competitive industry in the
fields of energy efficient construction processes, products
and services, with the main purpose of reaching the goals
set forth for 2020 and 2050 to address climate change
issues and contribute to improve EU energy independence
thereby transforming these challenges into a business
opportunity.
Reflection on new strategic
issues
• Avoid fragmentation and obtain concrete innovative
results
• Bridge knowledge gap and facilitate transfer and
exploitation of research results
• Cross-cutting approach between research and EU
policies on particular themes like climate change,
sustainability, energy, etc.
• Enhance coherence and complementarity of EU
policies and targetting research and innovation, and
Resource Efficiency at EU, National and Regional
levels
Indicative gaps, challenges and
emerging issues for CH
• Protection of cultural landscapes and archaeological sites
with special focus on preventive archaeology
• Protection of submerged cultural heritage including
maritime, archaeological & coastal heritage as well as
related to lakes, marshes, rivers...
• Integration of CH in urban setting through refurbishment
and renovation especially regarding energy saving and
resource efficiency at « district/quartier » level ( see EeB
multiannual roadmap)
• Dissemination of knowledge, training activities and
promotion of exploitation of project results (more EC
projects to participate in existing fairs in C.H.& related
« innovation » : eg Valladolid AR&PA Innovation in 2010,
Ferrara, Leipzig..) ; …….,Cyprus in 2012?
• Strengthening involvement of stakeholders & end-users
including especially SMEs
« post FP7 »:
COMMON STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK
(CSF) for EU RESEARCH and
INNOVATION funding
Linking research and innovation
Focussing on delivering policy priorities
European added value
Impacts and results
Solidarity in delivering mutual benefits
GREEN PAPER (Public Consultation)
from 9 February to 20 May 2011 at:
http://ec.europa.eu/research/innovation-union/index_en.cfm
All stakeholders –EU Council, EP and related EU Institutions
National, Regional, Industry including SMEs, and other
stakeholders are currently consulted to support the
Innovation Union
Building an Innovation Union: from
« blue sky » to market
New strategic approach by “Turning ideas into jobs, green growth and
social progress”
Target: R&D investment towards 3% of GDP according to Europe 2020
strategy; tackling weaknesses due to under-investment, fragmentation
and lack of framework conditions by improving innovation capacities
through:
 European Innovation Partnerships
 European Research Area framework
 Streamlined EU programmes ( simplification)
 New financial and legal instruments (EIB and Risk Sharing Finance
Facility, EU patent)
 Reform of standardisation system
 Public procurement of innovation
 European Social Innovation pilot (use of ESF, virtual hub for social
entrepreneurs
 Stronger monitoring (Innovation Union Scoreboard)
CONCLUSION
• More complementarity & coordination
 at European level, national, and regional level (JPI)
 with other EU research programmes and sub-activities and
linked initiatives (ECTP/FACH, EeB PPP initiative
 and operational EU programmes: Education and Culture,
Regional policy, External relations (Europe-Aid, DG
Enlargement, Euromed etc..)
 With other European organisations-eg Council of Europe-..,
NGOs (e.g. Europa Nostra)
• Foster the international dimension through participation in
projects and dissemination events, demonstration “fairs” ..
 MPC countries, Balkans, NIS, Latin America, US, China, Japan,
India,, etc.
 with worldwide organisations/agencies UNESCO, ICCROM,
ICOM, ICOMOS and Associations
Useful Websites
FP7 & Environment Theme
• Calls & Docs : http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/calls
EU environmental research:
http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/environment/home_en.html
which includes EU C.H. research:
http://ec.europa.eu/research/environment/index_en.cfm
?pg=cultural
• NCP Network : http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ncp_en.html
• Evaluators : http://cordis.europa.eu/experts
• Technology Platforms :
http://cordis.europa.eu/technologyplatforms/home_en.html
• Innovation Union website:
http://ec.europa.eu/research/innovation-union/
EC Publication « Preserving our
heritage, Improving our
environment »: vol. 1 = policy
aspects ; vol. 2= FP5-FP6 projects
during period 2000-2009
EU Cultural Heritage
(FP6) Project NOAH’s ARK
"Global Climate Change Impact on Built Heritage
and Cultural Landscapes" is considered the first project
at both a European and worldwide dimension to combine climate
change and cultural heritage. This new research area has been
referred to as "cultural heritage climatology". NOAH's ARK was
awarded the Europa Nostra Grand Prize for Research in 2009.
Duration: 36 months
10 Partners
Start Date: 1st June 2004
Project Coordinator: CNR -Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate - CNR
Project Web Site: http://noahsark.isac.cnr.it/
EU Cultural Heritage
(FP7) CLIMATE FOR CULTURE
“Damage Risk Assessment, Macroeconomic
Impact and Mitigation Strategies for
Sustainable Preservation of Cultural Heritage
in the Times of Climate Change" aims to identify
the risks for cultural heritage associated to climate change at
regional level. Mitigation/adaptation strategies.
Duration: 60 months
27 Partners in 15 countries
Start Date: 1st November 2009
Project Coordinator: Fraunhofer Gesellschaft
Project Web Site: http://www.climateforculture.eu/
EU Cultural Heritage
(FP7-EeB) project “3ENCULT”
“Energy Efficient Buildings for EU
Cultural Heritage" aims to develop solutions for
improving the energy efficiency of historic buildings in
urban areas
Duration: 42 months
23 partners in 11 European Countries
Start Date: 1st October 2010
Project Coordinator: EURAC- Bolzano (Italy)
Project Website: http://www.3encult.eu/
THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION !