Transcript AARI Activities in Cold Regions

AARI ACTIVITIES IN COLD REGIONS
Alexander Klepikov
Arctic & Antarctic Research Institute of Roshydromet (AARI)
St.Petersburg
Reinforcing the Development and Implementation of
the GEO Cold Regions Initiative (GEOCRI)
GEO-XIII, St.Petersburg, Russian Federation
8 November 2016
IPY has showed the feasibility of addressing key polar issues
The International Polar Year was very important for the Russian polar research.
During the period of IPY 2007/08 Russian polar researchers have got
approximately 27 million USD in addition to the basic financial support. These
funds were spent primarily on the field works and the development of
observational infrastructure in the Russian Arctic.
Number of Russian
IPY 2007/08 expeditions
Marine
Land
Arctic
Antarctic
Arctic & Antarctic Research Institute expeditions
2006,2009
2012
2010
2007-2008
2010
Russian ice drifting stations “North Pole” in 2003-2012
Observations at the ice
drifting station “North
Pole”:
Radiosound
aerostat
Unmanned plane
MAWS-420
GPS and GLONAS systems for
ice drift calculations
Inlets of ozone,
carbon dioxide,
methane and
radioactivity
analyzers
Lidar
Radiation
Polygon 80x100 m for mass
balance and dynamic studies
Ice thickness measurements
Carbon dioxide flux
measurements
Precipitation gauge
Weather shed
Total ozone
Echo-sounder
Snow height
Spectrometer “Ramses”
IMB buoy
Transmitter IMB
Thermo chain IMB
Echo-sounder emitter
ADCP WHS 300
2 SBE 37SM MicroCat
Long ranger ADCP
WH LP 757
3 SBE 19 profilers
Ice thickness
submersible vehicle
Current meter RCM
Grid Juday
-structure of low stratosphere
and troposphere, including
study of ozone layer;
- structure of atmospheric
boundary and;
- surface radiation and
cloudiness;
- greenhouse gases in
atmospheric surface layer;
- spectral and integral albedo;
-turbulent regime of
atmospheric and oceanic
surface layers
- standard meteorology and
radio soundings;
- sea ice structure and
physical– mechanical
properties;
- ocean thermohaline
structure and currents.
Hydrometeorological Observatory Tiksi
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Main observations:
standard meteorology and
upper air radiosoundings;
surface air aerosol,
including black carbon;
surface radiation and heat
balance;
UV radiation, total ozone
content and ozone in low
stratosphere;
CO2 /methane fluxes;
GHGs concentrations in
atmosphere boundary layer
mercury and POPs in the
air;
temperature of the active
layer of soil.
VEGETATION CLASSES AND ITS DISTRIBUTION IN TIKSI (Linkosalmi and Virtanen, 2012)
1. PEATLANDS (47.3%)
1.1 Fen (22.7%)
1.1.1 Dry fen (18.9%)
1.1.2 Wet fen (3.8%)
1.2 Bog (17%)
1.3 Bog-tundra heath transition (3.8%)
1.4 Bog-dry fen transition (3.8%)
2. MOORLANDS/HEATHS (24.4%)
2.1 Tundra heath (13.1%)
2.1.1 Lichen tundra heath (5.6%)
2.1.2 Shrub-moss tundra heath (5.6%)
2.1.3 Dwarf birch tundra heath (1.9%)
2.2 Tussock tundra (11.3%)
3. MEADOWS (5.7%)
3.1 Grass meadow (3.8%)
3.2 Willow meadow (1.9%)
4. STONY (20.8%)
4.1 Non-vegetated areas (17%)
4.2 With grass meadow patches (3.8%)
5. WATER (1.8%)
Temporal evolution of
different soil
temperature from 30
September 2011 to 13
December 2012 in Tiksi.
Days of the year: from 1
to 365 is for 2011, from
366 to 700 for 2012.
Transpolar Drift System of the Arctic Ocean.
“Laptev Sea” Cluster (H. Kassens, L.A. Timokhov)
German partners: GEOMAR, AWI, Mainz Academy,
Universities of Trier and Kiel
Russian partners: AARI, GOIN, SPbSU,
MSU, Shirshov Institute, Lena-Delta Reserve
Main Goals:
- Changes of the Transpolar Drift System as
a result of climate change;
- Ecological consequences of climate change
in the region;
- Regional changes of the atmosphere/sea/ice/ocean
system;
- Stability of the Arctic climate system:
history of the Transpolar Drift.
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Target 1. Monitoring of sea ice transport and fresh water
content in sea ice. Study fresh water transport by surface and
subsurface currents between seas and to the Arctic Basin.
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Target 2. To estimate fluxes of fresh water and materials
to/from the Arctic Basin and the rates of internal
transformations within the Arctic Ocean.
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Target 3. To explore the role of fresh water transport in a
variability of Transpolar System.
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Transdrift stations map1993-2014
Target 4. To investigate the processes on the Arctic continental
shelves that influence on the global cycling of carbon, nitrogen
and phosphorous and their intensity.
Oceanography, hydrochemistry
Biology, Sedimentology
Mooring stations
TRANSDRIFT history:
• 22 expeditions (including 5 winter surveys).
Last cruise was in September 2015
• Totally more than 1100 oceanographic
stations in the Laptev Sea
• 3 books and more than 500 articles published
• About 300 presentations at the conferences
NABOS: Nansen Amundsen Basins
Observational System
MAIN GOALS OF NABOS:
(a) To quantify the water mass structure and its
variability
(b) To evaluate the mechanisms by which the
Atlantic Water is transformed on its pathway
along the slope
(c) To estimate the impact of the Atlantic Water
heat transport on ice and climate
(d) To estimate the rate of exchange between the
arctic shelves and the interior in order to
clarify mechanisms of the arctic halocline
formation
First phase of NABOS
INTERNATIONAL ARCTIC RESEARCH CENTER
UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS
ARCTIC AND ANTARCTIC
RESEARCH INSTITUTE
NABOS-2015 on board r/v “Akademik
Treshnikov”, August-September 2015
AMAP monitoring: RPA «Typhoon» of Roshydromet
take samples in Amderma (Russian Arctic) to monitor
more than 150 individual POPs substances
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Oraganochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and their metabolites
(chlorobenzenes, DDT, DDE, mirex, toxaphenes, aldrin,
dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, chlordane etc.)
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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) congeners
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)
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Global emissions of mercury in 1990–2005 (AMAP, 2011)
Emissions, tonnes
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300
600
900
1200
1500
Africa
Asia
Europe
Russia
1990
1995
2000
2005
North America
Oceania
South America
0
300
600
900
1200
1500
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