Transcript Presentation

E-waste:
from an e-challenge to
an e-opportunity
Ahmed Zeddam
Chairman of ITU-T Study Group 5:
Environment and Climate Change
Facts about e-waste worldwide
Personal information and communication technology (ICT) devices — such as mobile
phones, personal computers, and printers — accounted for 7% of e-waste in 2014.
More specifically, e-waste in 2014 comprised:
 12.8 million tonnes of small equipment
(such as vacuum cleaners, microwaves,
toasters, electric shavers and video
cameras);
 11.8 million tonnes of large equipment
(including washing machines, clothes
dryers, dishwashers, electric stoves, and
photovoltaic panels);
 7.0 million tonnes of temperature-exchange
(cooling and freezing equipment);
 6.3 million tonnes of screens;
 3.0 million tonnes of small ICT equipment; and
 1.0 million tonne of lamps.
Photo credit: Andrew McConnell/Alamy
Data source:: UNU
2
E-waste generation in 2014
3
Europe: 15.6 kg/inh
Asia: 3.7 kg/inh
Americas: 12.2 kg/inh
Africa: 1.7 kg/inh
Oceania: 15.2 kg/inh
< 5 kg/inh
5 to 10 kg/inh
10 to 15 kg/inh
3
>15 kg/inh
Weaknesses of e-waste management systems
Illegal traffic
E-waste dispersed
Speculation on
compliance costs
No clear common
definition
Lack of
internationally
comparable data
Heterogeneous
reporting requirements
Lack of transparent
management of funding
4
Developing countryspecific criticalities
Prevention is better than cure
Policies and standards
Sustainable manufacturing
practices:
 Eco-design
 Choice of reusable and nontoxic materials
 Prolonged products life-cycle
 E-waste disposals
Source: http://www.treehugger.com/clean-technology/crazy-e-waste-statistics-explored-in-infographic.html
5
ITU
 UN specialized agency for ICTs
 unique public/private
partnership
Members:
 193 Member States (Governments and regulatory
bodies)
 Over 700 Private Sector (Sector Members and
Associates)
 Over 90 Academia
6
Importance of global standards
Drive competitiveness, for individual businesses and world economy;
Lower prices;
Reduce technical barriers;
Foster interoperability;
Manufacturers, network operators
and consumers;
Reduce negative impacts on the environment.
Work with us!
7
ITU-T Study Group 5
Question 13 - Environmental impact
reduction including e-waste
Working Party 3 – ICTs
and Climate Change
Study Group 5 – Environment
and Climate Change
8
Question 13/5: Environmental impact
reduction including e-waste
Main tasks:
Raise awareness
Assist countries to develop policies
on e-waste management
Develop international standards on life-cycle
management of ICT equipment
Carry out research and development
Help companies becoming more sustainable
and socially responsible
9
Highlights on deliverables:
ITU-T Recommendations
E-waste
management
Batteries
Power supply
series
10
Power supply series
 Recommendation ITU-T L.1000: Universal power adapter
and charger solution for mobile terminals and other handheld ICT devices:
 Saves 82,000 tons of e-waste per year
 Saves at least 13.6 million tonnes of CO2 emissions
annually
 Recommendation ITU-T L.1001: External universal power
adapter solutions for stationary information and
communication technology devices:
 Saves 300,000 tons of e-waste per year
 Reduces the energy consumption and greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions of external power supplies by between
25% and 50%
11
Power supply series
 DRAFT Recommendation ITU-T L.1002​: External universal power adapter
solutions for portable information and communication technology devices:
 Reduces e-waste, optimizing the use of scarce and raw materials and
allowing for reuse
 Recommends design for MTBF 50.000 hours of active use
 Increases usability
 Recommendation ITU-T ​L.1005​: Test suites for
assessment of the universal charger solution:
 Describes specific test suites to assess energy
efficiency, interworking, safety and
electromagnetic compatibility of the universal
charger solution and charger
12
Batteries
 Recommendation ITU-T L.1010​: Green batteries solution for
mobile phones and other hand-held information and
communication technology devices.
 Extends the lifetime of handsets
 Reduces global resources consumption
 Eliminates toxic materials
13
E-waste management
Necessity of rare-metal recycling:
 A mobile phone contains no less than 20 rare
metals
 A ton of gold ore yields just 5 g of gold,
whereas a ton of used mobile phones yields a
staggering 400 g.
 Recommendation ITU-T L.1100: A method to
provide recycling information of rare metals in
ICT products.
14
E-waste management
Necessity of a common and accurate measurement method:
 For successful recycling, producers are required to provide detailed
information on rare metals to recyclers.
 A common measurement method can facilitate recycling information
exchanges between producers and recyclers.
 Recommendation ITU-T
L.1101: ​Measurement methods to
characterize rare metals in information and
communication technology goods:
 XRF (X-ray fluorescence)
 ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometry)
15
Supplement 5 to ITU-T L-series Recommendations
Agreed: December 2014
Title: Life-cycle management of ICT goods
Scope:
 It provides information for the practical
implementation of the life-cycle
approach in companies, facilities and
plants as well as distributors, including
chapters on best practices with a
specific focus on material usage and
selection.
16
Supplement 4 to ITU-T L-series Recommendations
Agreed: December 2014
Title: Guidelines for developing a sustainable e-waste management system
Scope:
 It provides a set of guidelines that
countries could refer to when
designing their e-waste management
system;
 It provides guidance on policy/legal
framework, collection mechanisms,
financial mechanisms and
engagement with all relevant
stakeholders.
17
Photo: Fairphone, CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 (cropped)
Ongoing work
 Supplement on Collection of sustainable models
for e-waste management by private
corporations;
 Supplement on Assessment of quantity of
E-waste in developing countries;
 Supplement on Circular Economy;
 Supplement on Implementation guidance for
ICT SME supply chains due diligence on conflict
minerals.
18
Research and development
Identifying standards needs
Sustainable Management of
Waste Electrical and Electronic
Equipment (WEEE)
in Latin America
19
ITU Toolkit on Environmental
Sustainability for the ICT Sector
Purpose: enable the ICT industry to drive environmental best practice into its
own performance.
Collaboration with over 50 partners.
Practical Support
Standards Support
Checklist
Detailed practical
support on how ICT
companies can build
sustainability into
their operations and
management
Ongoing contribution
to ITU-T Study Group
5 which has the goal
of developing global
standards in this
arena
Standardized
checklist of
sustainability
requirements
specific to the ICT
sector
20
End-of-life management for ICT equipment
End-of-life management
An outline of the
various EOL stages
(and accompanying
legislation) , and
support for creating
a framework for
environmentallysound management
of EOL ICT
equipment.
Material recovery and
recycling
Clean supply chains
Offsetting and mitigation
21
End-of-life management for ICT equipment
Structure of analysis:
Legal frameworks
EOL management steps
Regulatory compliance
Best practice guidance
Clean supply chains and conflict
minerals
Socio-economic issues
Corporate social responsibility
Checklists
Key guidance to ensure best practices on:
General Material Recovery and Recycling
Facility Guidelines: minimum criteria to
select a service provider
Clean Supply Chain and Conflict
Minerals: an opportunity for a greener
industry
Offsetting Opportunities and Mitigation:
the ICT sector response to Social and
Environmental issues generated by bad
EOL practices
22
Next steps to keep e-waste from growing
 Policy makers should have long-term sustainability ambitions
 Consider e-waste management in the design of ICT policies
 Implement international standards (ITU-T Recommendations) at the
national level
 Encourage concerted cooperation in handling e-waste at the national,
regional and international level
 Improve the sustainability and competitiveness of manufacturing
and business practices
 Create manufactured products through economically-sound processes
that minimize negative environmental impacts while conserving energy
and natural resources
 Sustainable manufacturing also enhances employee, community, and
product safety and promote green jobs
 Foster public-private partnerships
 Raise awareness at consumer level
23
THANK YOU
 ITU-T/SG5 “Environment & Climate Change”
itu.int/go/tsg5
 ITU-T and Climate Change
itu.int/go/ITU-T/climate
[email protected]