Transcript food security - Library

FEEDBACK LECTURE for MOS
ECS-65100
Marja Maclaine Pont and Ans Brouwer
Information specialists Library Wageningen UR
16 November 2011
When are you information literate?
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Evaluate and select the appropriate information
Define the information you need
Understand the variety of information sources
Search efficiently
fast, comprehensive and accurate
Search effectively
get the information that suits your request
Manage the selected information (e.g. EndNote)
Use the selected information and avoid plagiarism
Evaluate and select the appropriate information
Influence of climatic change on food security
What are the opportunities and possibilities
for farmers in developing countries to adapt
their farming systems to climate change?
Influence of climatic change on food security
Scopus
Web of Science
CAB-Abstracts
Retrieved
% Rel.
Retrieved
% Rel.
Retrieved
% Rel.
40
40
41
41
Medline: 8
50
255
80-85
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43
80-90
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-
72
40
103
Not given
Not given
Not given
11
100
Not given
Not given
Influence of climatic change on food security
What are the opportunities and
possibilities for farmers in developing
countries to adapt their farming systems
to climate change?
To ensure food security
Example search 1: concepts
Main concepts
Climate change
Relevant search terms
Climate change, climatic change, global environmental
change, Global change, Global warming
food security
Food insecurity, food security, food sovereignty
agriculture
farming, farmer
adaptation
Adaptation, adapt, adaption
Developing
countries
(Synonyms: least developed countries, Developing
countries, developing world
Narrow terms: Africa, Asia,)
Your search 1: Search in Scopus, 1
(adapt* OR chang* OR alternat* OR replac* OR modify*)
AND (“farm* system*” OR “agrari* system*” OR “agricultur*
system*” OR “farm* method*” OR “agrari* method*” OR
“agricultur* method*” OR “farm* technique*” OR “agrari*
technique *” OR “agricultur* technique *”) AND (“develop*
countr*” OR “third world countr*” OR “underdevelop*
countr*”) AND (“chang* climat*” OR “chang* nature*” OR
“chang* weather*” OR “chang* temperature*” OR “shift*
climat*” OR “shift* nature*” OR “shift* weather*” OR “shift*
temperature*” OR “alter* climat*” OR “alter* nature*” OR
“alter* weather*” OR “alter* temperature*” OR “degrad*
climat*” OR “degrad* nature*” OR “degrad* weather*” OR
“degrad* temperature*”)
Your search 1: Search in Scopus, 2
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I get 7 results, the student 255.
Remarks:
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Too many irrelevant search terms
the double quotes, generated in Word, have to be
retyped in Scopus
There should be no space between the term and the *:
NOT: technique *, BUT: technique*
Develop* is wrong, use: developing
Forgot the concept food security
Your search 2, search in Web of Science, 1
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((climate change OR global warming) AND (food
security OR food alleviation OR poverty
reduction) AND (developing countr* OR poor
countr*) AND (drought) AND (mitigat* OR
improvement OR reduction))
Your search 2, search in Web of Science, 2
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I got 11 hits, the students also: 11
Remarks:
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The first search yielded over 1 million hits, the
improved search only 11: maybe improve in a different
way
The concept: mitigat* OR improvement OR reduction is
irrelevant
Forgot the concepts: Adaptation, Farmer
A specific bibliography is not used, but: Global
environmental change: human and policy dimensions
is used (a journal) is used; the search yielded zero hits
Your search 3, search in CAB Abstracts, 1
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(food security and adapt* and farm* and (climat*
change* or global warming or greenhouse effect*
or green house effect*)).mp
Note: when you search in mp you search in fact in
the following fields: abstract, title, original title,
broad terms, heading words
Example search 3, search in CAB Abstracts,
2
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I got 104 hits, the students 103 (that is correct,
because of time difference)
Remarks:
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Use synonyms for food security
Did not use specific options, e.g. search terms via
Display Indexes, or: via Search Tools: Map term,
thesaurus: EXPLODE
Search history in Scopus
Search results in Scopus
Example search 1: Learn from results
Cooper, P. J. M., J. Dimes, K. P. C. Rao, B. Shapiro, B.
Shiferaw, and S. Twomlow. 2008. Coping better with current
climatic variability in the rain-fed farming systems of subSaharan Africa: An essential first step in adapting to future
climate change? Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment
126:24-35
Records which cite this relevant article gave new
search terms: use these to adapt your search.
Example search 1: Adapted search in Scopus
("food *security" or "food deprivation" or "food *sufficiency" or
"food sovereignty" or livelihood) and
("agriculture" or "agricultural production" or "food system" or
farming or farmer or "dryland agriculture" ) and (adapt* or
opportunities or possibilities or "coping strategies") and
("developing countries" or "less developed countries" or
"south east asia" or "developing world" or africa or "semi arid
tropics" or "semi arid west Africa") and ("climat* change" OR
"global environmental change" OR "global warming" OR
"global climate change“ OR "climate effect " OR "climate
variability" )
Number of records: 101
Example Search 2 in Scopus
(“climate change” OR “global warming” OR affect*
OR influence) AND
(“food security” OR “agricultural produc*” OR crop
OR farm* OR yield OR agriculture*) AND
(rural OR develop* OR “developing countr*” OR
“developing world” OR “third-world” OR “rural
households” OR agri*)
AND (adaptation)
Number of records: 9; % of relevance = 89%
Example Search 2 in Scopus
(“climate change” OR “global warming” OR affect*
OR influence) AND
(“food security” OR “agricultural produc*” OR crop
OR farm* OR yield OR agriculture*) AND
(rural OR develop* OR “developing countr*” OR
“developing world” OR “third-world” OR “rural
households” OR agri*)
AND (adaptation)
Number of records: 9 or 62,359???
Choice of subject specific database
Choice of students
 CAB-Abstracts
2
 Medline
1
 FSTA
0
 Biological Abstracts 0
 Portals – Env. Science 1 (wrong choice)
 Scirus
0
Choice of subject specific databases
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Use the Portals, Resources by subject, on the
Library site
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Choose a bibliography by checking the content (or do a
metasearch in the databases)
Use Metasearch (not preferred)
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Do a simple search and compare the results
Note: Scopus is not searched well by Metasearch
Example search 3 in CAB
(exp climatic change) AND (exp developing
countries)
Use of thesaurus
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Find out the right search terms
Include narrower terms with explode
Search specific in keywords field
Not in all databases available
How to search: some pitfalls -1
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Not the right term
Scopus: stormwater (7,292) “storm water” (5,789) OR: 10,553;
woodfuels (53) (automatic singular and plural); “fuel wood” (993)
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Not the right operator
(''Climate change'' AND ''drought'' AND ''farmers'') AND (developing
countries)"
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Incorrect use of quotes
“nature conservation” can be wise (7,637 versus 18.449, Sopus)
“dog behaviour” will miss too much (26 versus 241 in Scopus)
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Not the right field
farmer (topic)
farmer (author) (Web of Science)
How to search: some pitfalls - 2
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Not a useful concept
effects, trends, possibilities, influences
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No use of parentheses
cats OR dogs AND behaviour OR behavior 421
(Catalogue)
(cats OR dogs) AND (behaviour OR behavior) 111
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Wrong use of wildcards
cat*
cat?
OvidSP)
caterpillars, catastrophe
in Scopus not necessary; 0 or 1 (via
(cat OR cats)
Evaluating search results
Determining relevance and
quality
Illustration © Loet van Moll 2009
Judging bibliographic records, 1
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Is the content of this record appropriate
for my research topic?
Is it worth the effort of getting the full text
and reading it?
Criteria:
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type of document
subject and scope – abstract information
primary or secondary research
audience
date of publication
author details
Judging bibliographic records, 2
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Type of document
 Books
 Research reports
 Theses
 Conference proceedings
 Government/policy documents
 Journal articles
Journal articles
Scientific journals
Research
Peer reviewed
Professional journals
Practical
Non-peer reviewed
A standard procedure in scholarly publishing, whereby a
prospective publisher submits the manuscript of an article
to experts in the research field for their critical scrutiny,
under conditions of anonymity, with the aim of assuring
quality and reliability of findings.
© American Chemical Society 2009
Peer review
Judging bibliographic records, 3
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Primary research presents original research
methods or findings for the first time. Examples
include:
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A journal article or research report that presents new
findings and new theories
A poster presented at a conference
Secondary research provides a compilation or
evaluation of previously presented material.
Examples include:
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A review article summarizing research or data
A textbook
Judging bibliographic records, 4
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Intended audience
Is the publication aimed at
scientists, professionals,
policy makers, students or a
general audience?
Illustration © Loet van Moll 2009
Evaluating internet resources
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Anyone can publish
Advertising can be disguised as facts.
Quality criteria:
 Accuracy
 Objectivity
 Authority (of author and publisher)
 Currency
Example and feedback in exercise
herbalife
Illustration © Peter Steiner 1993
Reference management
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Selecting references
Print, download, e-mail
Export to reference management software
 EndNote
Publishing
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Publishing: why
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contribution to the advancement of science
part of the research process (requirement for yourself)
Publishing: where
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Type of document (for what audience)
Journal selection, impact factors
Open access journals: BioMed Central, PLoS Biology,
or subscribed journals
Plagiarism
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Definition: Taking someone's
words or ideas as if they were
your own.
(also known as) Copy and paste
Plagiarism is a serious academic
offence
Wageningen University uses
Turnitin to check student reports.
Avoid unintentional plagiarism by
citing correctly
Illustration © Loet van Moll 2009
Plagiarism exercise 1
Original text
“This study has shown that golf courses can enhance the
diversity of three indicator groups (birds, ground beetles and
bumblebees), relative to adjacent pasture farmland. “
Text from Mr. Smith
The study of Tanner and Gange (2005) has shown that golf
courses can enhance the diversity of three indicator groups
(birds, ground beetles and bumblebees), relative to adjacent
pasture farmland.
Tanner R. A. and A. C. Gange, 2005. Effects of golf courses on local
biodiversity. Landscape and urban planning, Vol. 71, 2-4, 137-146
Plagiarism exercise 2
Original text
“This study has shown that golf courses can enhance the
diversity of three indicator groups (birds, ground beetles and
bumblebees), relative to adjacent pasture farmland. “
Text from Mr. Smith
The study of Tanner and Gange (2005) has shown that “golf
courses can enhance the diversity of three indicator groups
(birds, ground beetles and bumblebees), relative to adjacent
pasture farmland.” (p.....)
Direct quotations must be quoted!!
Plagiarism exercise 3
Original text
“This study has shown that golf courses can enhance the
diversity of three indicator groups (birds, ground beetles and
bumblebees), relative to adjacent pasture farmland. “
Text from Mrs. Brown
According to Tanner and Gange (2005) the diversity of birds
and some insect groups can be higher on golf courses than
on adjacent farmland.
Tanner R. A. and A. C. Gange, 2005. Effects of golf courses on local
biodiversity. Landscape and urban planning, Vol. 71, 2-4, 137-146
Plagiarism exercise 3: Secondary source
Is it okay when you cite Mr. Smith for this information
originating from Tanner and Gange?
Preferably not.
But in case you cannot get the original publication, it
is allowed. You have to indicate that this is a
secondary source, e.g. (Tanner and Gange, 2005,
as cited in Smith, 2010). In your reference list you
should provide the details of the secondary source
(the source you read). Whether you have to give the
details of the primary source or not, depends on the
citation style.
Referring, citing, quoting
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To allow readers to find and check your
information sources
To give authors of these sources credit for
their work
Methods
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In-text citations and quotes
Reference lists
• Many different styles
• Bibliographic details differ per document type
Examples of styles
Kotir, J. H. (2011). "Climate change and variability in SubSaharan Africa: A review of current and future trends and
impacts on agriculture and food security." Environment,
Development and Sustainability 13(3): 587-605.
1.
Kotir, J.H., Climate change and variability in SubSaharan Africa: A review of current and future trends and
impacts on agriculture and food security. Environment,
Development and Sustainability, 2011. 13(3): p. 587-605.
Choice of style
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Ask your supervisor
Citation guides
Journal style: About this journal, Author
guidelines
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Journal of Hydrology
Wrong style:
Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change
(http://www.springerlink.com/content/u2j72l0244j1m77q/)
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:MITI.0000004663.31074.64
Your output style, 1
APA:
 Ching, L., Edwards, S., & El-Hage Scialabba, N. (2011). Climate change and
food systems resilience in sub-saharan Africa. Rome: Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
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Mahmudul, A., Chamhuri, S., Wahid, M., & Mohd Ekhwan, T. (2011). Farm
level assessment of climate change, agriculture and food security issues in
Malaysia. World Applied Sciences Journal, 14(3), 431-442.
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Remarks
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no space between the two references
Your output style, 2
APA:
 Acevedo, M. F. (2011). Interdisciplinary progress in food production, food
security and environment research. Environmental Conservation, 38(2), 151171. Retrieved from www.scopus.com
 Butt, T. A., McCarl, B. A., Angerer, J., Dyke, P. T., & Stuth, J. W. (2005). The
economic and food security implications of climate change in mali. Climatic
Change, 68(3), 355-378. Retrieved from www.scopus.com
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Remarks:
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Remove: retrieved from ....
The journal title should be italic
Your output style, 3
Not mentioned:
 Arfifi, F., & Donati, M. (2011). the impact of the hearh check on structural
change and farm efficiency: a comparative assessment of three European
agricultural regions. OECD.
(http://books.google.nl/books?hl=nl&lr=&id=JPvpn92HixoC&oi=fnd&pg=PA75
&dq=the+impact+of+the+hearh+check+on+structural+change+and+farm+effic
iency:+a+comparative+assessment+of+three+European+agricultural+regions.
&ots=esrJUdbCPJ&sig=MheV6MmPEJS3putkeyT6_6Phtzw#v=onepage&q&f
=false)
 Beers, G., Poppe, K. J., & de Putter, I. (2000). PACIOLI 7 Agenda 2000 and
the FADN agenda. The Hague: Agricultural Economics Research Institute
(LEI,). (
http://www.lei.dlo.nl/publicaties/PDF/2000/6_xxx/6_00_02.pdf#page=88)
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Remarks:
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Do not give the URL for the full text
The ULR for the Google full text must and can be
shorter
Your output style, 4
Journal of Hydrology:
 Adeloye, A.A., 2010. Global warming impact: flood events, wet-dry conditions
and changing scene in world food security. Journal of Agricultural Research
and Development (JARD), 9(1): 1-15.
 Armah, F.A. et al., 2011. Food security and climate change in droughtsensitive savanna zones of Ghana. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for
Global Change, 16(3): 291-306.
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Remarks:
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perfect
Final overview
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Assignment: Uploaded in Blackboard
Exam: 15 december; 16.00 – 17.30h, PC602/606 (you will
get a mail)
Re-exam: 22 August 2012
See also:
- course information
- example exam
Contact:
[email protected]