Transcript Symposium Presentation - Connected Communities Heritage Network

Towards a Sustainable Practice
for Managing Climate Change
Impacts on Cultural Heritage
Dr Cathy Daly
School of History & Heritage
University of Lincoln
Research supported by the Dublin Institute of
Technology & ABBEST
1. Background
2. Interviews
3. Case Studies
4. Summary & Conclusion
Daly 14.1.2016
Climate Change
…a change in the average climate (or its variability) from one
averaging period to the next (i.e. 30 years).
(Parry and Carter, 1998: 5)
Village of Moorland, Somerset levels. Photograph: Matt Cardy/Getty Images , Theguardian.com
Projections for UK
• Warmer wetter winters
• Hotter drier summers
• Increased frequency of extreme & unpredictable
weather (high winds, intense rain)
• Sea-level rise
Implications for Cultural Heritage
Subsidence
Deterioration buried archaeology
Increasing Temperatures
Biological growth
Salt crystallisation
Increasing Rainfall
Flooding
Biodiversity change
Drier summers
Wet-dry cycles in stone
Loss peat lands
Increasing wind
Stone erosion
Collapse
Plough damage
Multiple interactions: some possible climate change factors and impacts
1. Background
2. Interviews
3. Case Studies
4. Summary & Conclusion
Daly 14.1.2016
Structured Interviews
• Those addressing, either in practice or through research, the
impacts of climate change on cultural heritage
• Chosen from published literature, major research projects and
through personal referrals
• Thirty respondents were interviewed from fifteen different
countries
Daly 14.1.2016
Interviewees had…
Assessed the vulnerability
of cultural heritage to
potential climate change
Noted impacts attributed to
climate change
Difficulty determining whether observed impacts can be reliably attributed to
‘climate change’
Daly 14.1.2016
Importance of ‘on site’ monitoring for
understanding the impacts of climate
change
1 (low) to 7 (high)
Unsure
%
No
Yes
0
Daly 14.1.2016
20
40
60
Knowledge of monitoring tools designed to
function over 30–100 years timescale
1. Background
2. Interviews
3. Case Studies
4. Summary & Conclusion
Daly 14.1.2016
Case studies
Derrygonnelly Northern Ireland, St. Andrews Scotland and Nyköping Sweden
(www.youreuropemap.com)
Daly 14.1.2016
Future Climate Change; the nature and scale of impact upon
masonry (Climate change and the ‘greening’ of masonry:
implications for built heritage and new build) in Northern Ireland
Test hut at Derrygonnelly, N. Ireland (Daly February 2012)
Daly 14.1.2016
South-west wall showing 3 types of stone
(Daly, February 2012)
Daly 14.1.2016
Detail of internal face of stone wall showing
two types of embedded moisture sensors
(Daly, February 2012)
Scottish Coastal Archaeology and the Problem of Erosion (SCAPE)
in Scotland
Daly 14.1.2016
Tom Dawson at Boddin Limekiln showing - collapsing due to undercutting by
wave action; this site has been documented by SCAPE using 3D laser scanning
(Daly, April 2012)
SCAPE partnered the Bressay
community project to excavate and
rebuild the eroding Burnt Mound of
Cruester, Bressay, Shetland
(www.shorewatch.co.uk)
Daly 14.1.2016
“Påverkan på runinskrifter” or Runic Inscriptions as Cultural and
Natural Environmental Indicators in Sweden
Rune stones at Kolunda Eskilstuna (Daly, May 2012)
Daly 14.1.2016
Swedish Heritage Board conducting 3D scanning of a rune stone,
Södermanland (Daly, May 2012)
Daly 14.1.2016
1. Background
2. Interviews
3. Case Studies
4. Summary & Conclusion
Daly 14.1.2016
Equifinality
…that the same effect could be attributable to different events or
processes…
Seek to manage the
impacts without
identifying the root cause.
OR
Gather long-term data to
enable clarification of
causality in the future.
Land slip onto the beach below St Andrews
Castle (Daly, April 2012)
Daly 14.1.2016
Monitoring alone, unsupported by appropriate
remedial action, is unsustainable
St Andrews (Daly, April 2012)
Daly 14.1.2016
Need to pioneer methods and approaches
Ad hoc attempts to prevent erosion occur at local level
regardless of Shoreline Management Plans e.g. the deposition
of building rubble and garden waste by owners of Scurdie
Ness Lighthouse (Daly, April 2012)
Daly 14.1.2016
Hard decisions and strategic use of resources
Moving the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse & Principal Keeper’s
Quarters in 1999 cost 11.8 million dollars.
www.nps.gov
Daly 14.1.2016
Conclusion
• Global climate change will (and probably is
already) impacting cultural heritage
• Long-term sustainable strategies for
monitoring and adapting to climate change
are needed
• Community based solutions have (and have
already shown) great potential in this regard
Daly 14.1.2016
Acknowledgments
The research was undertaken thanks to funding from ABBEST at Dublin
Institute of Technology
Thanks to the international experts that contributed and without whom the
work would not have been possible:
Dr. Jonathan Ashley-Smith, Dr. Paul Baker, Susan Barr, Prof. Hans Peter
Blankholm, Prof. Tor Broström, Prof Dr. Andreas Burmester, Prof Dario
Camuffo, Pamela Faylona, Monika Fjaestad, Dr Joe Flatman, Prof. Bjarne
Gronnow, Klaus Haefner, John Hurd, Dr Ewan Hyslop, Henning Matthiesen, Dr.
Susan McIntyre-Tamwoy, Rory McNeary, Dr Keith Westley, Dr. Benjamín Otto
Ortega Morales, Peter Murphy, Michael Pearson, Dr. Robyn Pender, Prof.
Vlatka Rajčić, Dr Marcy Rockman, Dr David Roe, Prof. Cristina Sabbioni, Dr Jos
Van Schijndel, Ian Wainwright, Prof. Ping-Sheng Wu
Special thanks to Dr. Tom Dawson, Vibeke Vandrup Martens, Helen
Simonsson, Laila Kitzler Ǻhfeldt, Dr Stephen McCabe and the late Prof. Bernie
Smith for providing the case studies
Thank You
[email protected]
www.drcathydaly.com