Transcript TITLE HEADER

DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED BY LDCS
IN THE USE OF NAI GUIDELINES AND
LESSONS LEARNT IN OVERCOMING
THESE DIFFICULTIES
Antigua and Barbuda 22 March 2011
CGW workshop presentation
By Abias Huongo
Slide Title
Presentation Outline
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Introduction
The Context of LDC, and the NC Guidelines
Conclusion, and
Challenges
INTRODUTION CONCEPT
The UN classifies countries as “least developed” based on
three main criteria:
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Annual gross domestic product (GDP) below $900 per
capita; or low income countries
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Quality of life, based on life expectancy at birth, per capita
calorie intake, primary and secondary school enrollment
rates, and adult literacy; week human asserts
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High Economic vulnerability, based on instability of
agricultural
productions
and
exports,
inadequate
diversification, and economic smallness. The least
developed countries are estimated to live at or below the
absolute poverty line of U.S. $1 per day.
LDC COUNTIES
• The group of least developed countries, as defined by the
United Nations General Assembly its comprises 48
Countries:
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33 are in Africa;
09 in Asia;
01 in Latin America and the Caribbean, and;
05 in Oceania
• 16 LDCs are Landlocked
• 12 are Small Islands
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The group includes 48 countries - Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso,
Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the
Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti,
Kiribati, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali,
Mauritania, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Samoa, São Tomé and Príncipe,
Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda,
United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Yemen and Zambia
SAME FINDINGS AND INDICATORS OF LDC COUNTRIES
• The population in LDC Countries its estimated to be up to 818
milions
• Expenditure on public health as % of GDP =2.0
• Under-five mortality (per 1,000 live births 220
• Life expectancy at birth (years) 48.1
• Projected number of people living in extreme poverty by 2015
=470 million
• Total debt burden for LDCs increased to a record $158.9
billion in 2003, up from $20.8 billion in 2001;
SAME FINDINGS AND INDICATORS OF LDC COUNTRIES
• Infrastructure and Communication
• few LDCs met the target of five telephone lines per 1,000
inhabitants in 2010;
• In 2000, there were only 7 LDCs with one or more Internet
connections per 100 inhabitants. In 2006, the use has grown
by 3 to 10 times but still below 1 per 100 in 25 LDCs;
• Road length has been increased by at least 20% since 1990
in 13 LDCs;
• Education
• The target of 50% adult literacy by 2015 has been met for
women in 26 of 33 LDCs. For men, the target has been met in
only 10 of 32 LDCs with trend data.
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES
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Development of Agriculture
Improvement of Infrastructure
Combate iliteracia
Improvement of Health and Sanitation
Development of Local Industries
Tourism and Wildlife Management
Strengthen of local Institutions
Rural Development
Combanting Poverty
GUIDELINES FOR NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS PREPARATION FOR NON-ANNEX I PARTIES
• Reporting through national communications is the
Convention‟s primary source of information on Parties‟
implementation of commitments and collective progress
toward meeting its ultimate objective.
• The Convention in Article 10 recognizes the importance of
this information for assessing “the aggregated effect of the
steps taken by the Parties in the light of the latest scientific
assessments concerning climate change.”
GUIDELINES FOR NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS PREPARATION FOR NON-ANNEX I PARTIES
• National Circumstancies
• LDCs have little difficulties in compiling information on their
geography, economy, population and development priorities.
• Institutional arrangements for preparing NC on a continual basis
present a lot of problems because of weak human and
institutional capacities
• National GHG Inventories
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Insufficient activity data,
Over dependent on default emission factors
Insufficient expertise to use the UNFCCC software
limited access to computers, internet,
MITIGATION ASSESSMENT
• Based on national circumstances, non-Annex I Parties are
encouraged to use whatever methods are available and
appropriate in order to formulate and prioritize programmes
containing measures to mitigate climate change. (This should be
done within the framework of sustainable development objectives, which
should include social, economic and environmental factors)
• Sectors like:
• Agriculture, and forest managemente
• Energy and transport
• The use of appropriate models and tools is a challenge and
additional capacity building is needed
VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATIONS
• Approriate programmes with mesures to reduce the
vulnerability and adapt, in relation to climate change
• Highly vulnerable to the adverse impact of climate change
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Agriculture
Water resources
Coastal zone and infrastucture
Natural Ecosystems
• The use of models and tools, as well as apropriate data are
the main constraints for reporting of this component in NC
NAPA AND NC
• LDC countries are sucessifully elaborating their NAPAs
(National Adaptation Plan of Action) only 3 close to
conclude
• The implementation of NAPAs is coming with very good
results in some countries.
• Houver NAPAs deals with imediate adaptation needs
and NC deals with Medium and long term needs,
OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION
• Tecnology Transfere,
• Education, (article 6)
• RSO,
• Cpacity buinding,
• Integration of Climate Change into development
programmes
• Insufucient activity data and limeted capacity, is a
challenge for reporting in NC
CONCLUSIONS
• The use of guidelines for National Comunication have been
followed by LDCs, according to National Circuntances and
different capabilities;
• The ilitaracy, difficoult comunication, poer infracture, and others
as been a problem for most of LDCs;
• The use of so meny models is a constrain, most of the capacity
buildind activities have been dane for one week, and its not
sufficient to meet the guidlines requirments;
• For some countries the use of emission factors in GHG
inventories is a constraint;
• Remain a chanllenge for many countries, how to integrate
reported activities in development programmes and different
institutions;
• Cooperation among the LDC countries its an important element
for improvment of the reporting among LDCs
LESSONS AND CHALLENGES
• The use of Guidlines on National Comunication for Non
Annex one countries for LDCs its learning Process, wich
just need time and more capacity buinding activities to
overcame same challengs that those countries still
facing
• Additional funds are required for the LDCs to meet they
requirments reportings on NC using the existing
guidlines
• The elaboration of National Comunications in LDCs
Countries heve been helping the process of gathering
data and improve skills capacity